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*Benjing* (Shennong Bencao Jing) names it Xuwan.
Bitter, sweet, and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Authentic specimens exhibit a milky texture when fractured; they should be calcined with fire, quenched in vinegar three times, ground into fine powder, and processed by water levigation for use.
*Benjing* states it treats Gui Zhu (a chronic wasting disease), Zei Feng (sudden wind pathogens), insect toxins, toxic evil qi in the abdomen, and Chiwo Louxia (profuse bloody vaginal discharge or leukorrhea) in women.

[Invention] The heaviness of Zheshi (Hematite) suppresses rebellious Qi, entering the blood aspect of the Liver and Pericardium meridians. *Benjing* treats Zei Feng, insect toxins, and Chiwo Louxia by utilizing its ability to consolidate and arrest bleeding. Zhang Zhongjing used Xuanfu Daizhe Shi Tang (Inula and Hematite Decoction) to treat post-Emesis/Purgation Taiyang disease presenting with epigastric fullness and hardness, and persistent belching, employing its heavy descending property to lower rebellious Qi and wash away phlegm-saliva. Observing the conditions treated in *Benjing*, all belong to excess pathogens. Even Chiwo Louxia is a disorder caused by stasis in the Liver and Heart meridians. Its treatment of difficult labor, retained placenta, and infantile convulsions with abdominal involvement relies on its heavy sedative action. It is contraindicated in cases of Yang deficiency with impotence and lower jiao deficiency-cold, due to its sinking and descending nature lacking ascending and generating functions.

*Benjing* names it Bai Yuliang, which shares identical functions with Taiyi Yuliang.
Sweet and neutral in nature, non-toxic. It must be finely ground, washed with water until clear, ensuring no sand or soil remains.
*Benjing* states it treats cough with rebellious Qi, alternating cold and heat, vexation and fullness, dysentery with red and white discharge, blood obstruction with mass formation (Zhijia), and high fever. When refined and ingested, it suppresses hunger, lightens the body, and prolongs life.

[Invention] Heavy substances can dispel timidity. Yuyuliang (Halloysitum Rubrum) is heavy and serves as a stabilizing and consolidating agent, acting on the blood aspect of the Hand and Foot Yangming meridians. Its sweet taste allows it to treat cough with rebellious Qi, alternating cold and heat, vexation, and fullness. Its astringent nature enables it to manage red and white leukorrhea and various disorders of the anterior and posterior orifices. Zhang Zhongjing used Chishizhi Yuyuliang Wan (Red Halloysite and Halloysite Pill) to treat persistent diarrhea following Taiyang disease with epigastric fullness and hardness, where the pathology lies in the lower jiao, utilizing its heaviness to calm rebellion and fullness, and its astringency to secure leakage and stop diarrhea. Ge Hong stated in *Baopuzi*: "Taking Yuyuliang Wan twice daily increases strength within three days, enabling one to carry heavy loads over long distances, feeling light and free from hunger," which corresponds to the *Benjing*'s description of "lightening the body and prolonging life."

Sweet, sour, and very cold in nature, non-toxic.
*Benjing* states it treats Qingmang (blindness or dim vision), deafness, brightens the eyes, benefits the nine orifices, unifies the blood vessels, nourishes the spirit, tonifies Liver Qi, and with long-term use, lightens the body and prolongs life.

[Invention] Kongqing (Azurite) forms by absorbing the essence of copper, thus specifically entering the Liver meridian to brighten the eyes. The treatments for ear, eye, and nine-orifice disorders recorded in *Benjing* rely on its power to unify blood vessels, nourish the spirit, and tonify Liver Qi. Long-term use leading to a lightened body and prolonged life occurs because copper has a nature good at cleansing filth; once filth is removed, Qi and Blood become pure, preserving the harmony of Heaven and Nature. Li Shizhen stated: "Kongqing and Lüqing both grow in mountains with copper deposits in Yizhou and Yue regions. The East corresponds to Jia-Yi Wood, governing the Liver and Gallbladder. The clear aspect of this Qi becomes Liver Blood, and its essence becomes Gallbladder Juice, opening into the eyes. Blood is the essence of the five Zang organs, gathering to form Spirit. When Gallbladder Juice is abundant, vision is clear; when reduced, vision is dim. Copper is also generated from Qingyang Qi. The clear aspect of its Qi is green, akin to Liver Blood; its essence is the liquid of Kongqing, akin to Gallbladder Juice, making it a miraculous medicine for eye diseases. This is likely due to resonance by similarity. However, true specimens are rare in the world, and physicians rarely recognize them. Hence the proverb: 'There is Kongqing under heaven, but no blind people on earth.' One should not know that although this is a precious item, initially promoted in Tongguan, it is also found in Liangzhou, Gaoping, Raoxin, etc. Specimens from copper pits have hidden green hues within the copper matrix; those from gold veins have shining golden stars containing empty blue-green centers. All obtain the essence of Liver and Gallbladder, communicating the wind Qi of hollow orifices. I have verified this. Examining Zhang Guo's *Yudong Yaojue*: 'Kongqing resembles bayberries, receiving the essence of red gold and the Yin-Ling Qi of Jia-Yi, growing near springs, thus retaining moisture. However, it must be newly extracted from the pit; if drilled open, there will be water. If mined for a long time, it dries like a pearl. How could it remain undried after long storage?' Recent times consider those hollow and containing liquid as authentic. If so, it should be named Kongjiang (Empty Liquid), not Kongqing. But one must verify it is hollow with green-blue pearls inside; these are true Kongqing. If urgently needed and unavailable, Lüqing can substitute. Medical practice requires flexibility; one cannot adhere rigidly to one method."