辛热有毒。去壳取仁用。
发明 丹溪曰，粗工治大风病，佐以大风油，殊不知此物性热，有燥痰之功，而伤血特
甚，至有病将愈而先失明者。时珍曰，大风油有杀虫却病之功，然不可多服。用之外涂，其
功不可没也。
苦平小毒。
发明 相思子味苦有毒，立能吐人。其粒半黑半红，故以命名。能通九窍，去心腹邪气
，止热闷头痛，风痰瘴疟，杀一切虫毒、蛊毒，取三七枚研水服之，即当吐出。今人皆认此
为赤小豆，以之配入六神曲中。铺家以误认而罔名，医家亦不辨而混用。噫，医之道可胜道
哉。
甘寒无毒。须蜜酒相和拌令湿透，炙熟用。否则伤肺泄气，大不利人。根见
土面者有毒伤人。
发明 桑根白皮泻肺气之有余，止嗽而能利水。肺中有水气及肺火有余者宜之。肺虚无
火，因风寒而嗽者服之，风邪反闭固不散而成久嗽者有之。甄权治肺中水气，唾血，热渴水
肿，腹满胪胀，利水道，去寸白虫。可以缝金疮，缝后以热鸡血涂之，桑皮之功用尽矣。
甘温无毒。
《本经》主伤中五劳六极，羸瘦，崩中绝脉，补虚益气。
发明 桑椹手足少阴、太阴血分药，《本经》所主皆言桑椹之功。而宗 云∶《本经
》言桑甚详，独遗其椹，即濒湖之博识尚不加察，但以其功误列根皮之下，所以世鲜采用，
惟高寿酒用之。
[Daemonorops Seed / Feng Da Zi]
Acrid, hot, and toxic. Use the kernel after removing the shell.
[Innovations]
Zhu Danxi stated: Unskilled physicians treating leprosy (Feng Da Bing) often assist with Feng Da oil, not realizing that this substance is extremely hot in nature. While it has the merit of resolving dry phlegm, it severely damages blood yin, to the extent that patients may lose their sight before their illness is cured. Li Shizhen stated: Feng Da oil has the function of killing parasites and curing diseases; however, it should not be taken in large doses. When applied externally, its efficacy is undeniable.
[Abrus Precatorius Seed / Xiang Si Zi]
Bitter, neutral, slightly toxic.
[Innovations]
Xiang Si Zi is bitter and toxic; ingestion causes immediate vomiting. Its seeds are half black and half red, hence the name. It can open the nine orifices, eliminate pathogenic factors from the heart and abdomen, relieve headache caused by heat and oppression, treat wind-phlegm and malarial fevers (Zhang Nue), and kill various insect poisons and gu poison. Take seven seeds, grind them, and administer with water; vomiting should ensue. Nowadays, people mistake this for Adzuki Bean (Chi Xiao Dou) and incorporate it into Liu Shen Qu. Apothecaries suffer from misidentification, and physicians use it indiscriminately without discrimination. Alas, can the principles of medicine be fully expounded?
[Mulberry Root Bark / Sang Gen Bai Pi]
Sweet, cold, non-toxic. It must be mixed with honey and wine until thoroughly moistened, then stir-fried until cooked. Otherwise, it will damage lung qi and cause diarrhea, which is highly detrimental to the person. The part of the root exposed above the soil is toxic and harmful to humans.
[Innovations]
Sang Gen Bai Pi drains excess lung qi, stops coughing, and promotes urination. It is suitable for those with fluid retention in the lungs and hyperactive lung fire. However, if taken by those with lung deficiency without fire, who cough due to wind-cold, the wind pathogen may be sealed inside and fail to disperse, leading to chronic cough. Zhen Quan used it to treat fluid retention in the lungs, hemoptysis, thirst due to heat, edema, abdominal distension, and swelling of the skin; it promotes diuresis and eliminates Taenia solium (Cun Bai Chong). It can be used to suture metal wounds; applying hot chicken blood over the sutured area completes the utility of Sang Pi.
[Mulberry Fruit / Sang Shen]
Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
*Shennong Ben Cao Jing* states it treats internal injury and extreme exhaustion of the five zang organs, emaciation, metrorrhagia (Beng Zhong), and pulse cessation; it tonifies deficiency and replenishes qi.
[Innovations]
Sang Shen is a herb entering the blood aspect of the Hand-Shaoyin, Foot-Shaoyin, Hand-Taiyin, and Foot-Taiyin meridians. The indications in *Shennong Ben Cao Jing* all refer to the efficacy of Sang Shen. However, Kou Zongshi stated: *Shennong Ben Cao Jing* describes the mulberry tree in detail but omits its fruit. Even Li Shizhen, despite his extensive knowledge, failed to notice this, mistakenly listing the efficacy of Sang Shen under the root bark. Consequently, it is rarely adopted in practice, being used only in wines for longevity.