酸寒，皮甘辛，无毒。
发明 柚能解酒，辟饮酒人口气。皮能下气化痰，与金橘性相类。但金橘甘酸，下气尤
捷。
柑橼旧作枸椽，字形相似之误
辛苦甘温，无毒。
发明 柑橼乃佛手、香橼两种，性温相类，故《纲目》混论不分。盖柑者，佛手也，专
破滞气。今人治痢下后重，取陈年者用之。但痢久气虚非其所宜。橼者，香橼也，兼破痰水
。近世治咳嗽气壅，亦取陈者，除去瓤核用之，庶无酸收之患。《丹方》治鼓胀诸药不效，
用陈香橼一枚连瓤、大核桃肉二枚连皮、缩砂仁二钱去膜，各 存性为散，砂糖拌调，空腹
顿服。服后水从脐出，屡验。
一名金柑
酸甘温，无毒。
发明 金橘形如弹丸，金柑形如牛奶，一皆酸甘香窜，并能下气。快膈止渴、解醒，而
圆者尤佳。
辛苦平无毒，刷去毛，蜜炙用。
发明 枇杷味甘色黄，为脾家果。然必极熟，乃有止渴下气润五脏之功。若带生味酸，
力能助肝伐脾，食之令人中满泄泻。其叶气味俱薄，故入肺胃二经，治夏月伤暑气逆最良。
近
世治劳嗽无不用之，盖取其和胃下气，气下则火降痰消，胃和则呕定哕止。然胃寒呕吐及风
寒咳嗽忌之。其核大寒而伐肝脾，以之同落苏入麸酱，则色青翠。同蟹入锅煮则至熟不赤，
性寒走肝可知。
Pomelo (You): Sour and cold in nature; the peel is sweet and acrid, non-toxic.
Invention: Pomelo can resolve alcohol intoxication and eliminate bad breath from drinkers. The peel can direct Qi downward and transform phlegm, with properties similar to Fortunella margarita (Jinju). However, Fortunella margarita is sweet and sour, and its ability to direct Qi downward is particularly swift.
Citron (Ganyuan, formerly erroneously written as Gouyuan due to similar character forms): Acrid, bitter, warm in nature, non-toxic.
Invention: Citron encompasses two types: Fingered Citron (Foshou) and Citron (Xiangyuan). Their properties are both warm and similar, hence they were conflated without distinction in Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu). "Gan" refers to Fingered Citron, which specializes in breaking up stagnant Qi. Currently, it is used for tenesmus following dysentery, employing aged specimens. However, it is not suitable for patients with prolonged dysentery and Qi deficiency. "Yuan" refers to Citron, which also breaks up phlegm and fluid retention. In recent times, it is used for coughs with Qi obstruction, employing aged specimens with the pulp and seeds removed, thus avoiding adverse astringent effects. Danfang records that for tympanites where other medicines fail, one may use one aged Citron (with pulp), two large walnuts (with skin), and two qian of Amomum villosum (Suasharen, Cardamom Seed, membrane removed). Each should be processed to retain their medicinal properties, ground into powder, mixed with brown sugar, and taken in one dose on an empty stomach. After ingestion, water discharges from the umbilicus, with frequent verification of efficacy.
Kumquat (Jingan): Also known as Jinju. Sour and sweet, warm in nature, non-toxic.
Invention: Kumquat resembles a pellet, while Jingan resembles a milk bottle. Both possess sour, sweet, and aromatic penetrating qualities, and both can direct Qi downward. They benefit the chest, relieve thirst, and resolve alcohol intoxication, with round-shaped ones being superior.
Loquat Leaf (Pipaye): Acrid and bitter, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Brush off the hairs and process with honey before use.
Invention: Loquat fruit is sweet and yellow, belonging to the Spleen. However, it must be fully ripe to possess the functions of relieving thirst, directing Qi downward, and moistening the five Zang organs. If eaten raw, its sour taste strengthens Liver Qi and attacks Spleen Qi, causing abdominal fullness and diarrhea. Its leaves have thin aroma and flavor, entering the Lung and Stomach meridians, making them excellent for treating Qi rebellion caused by summerheat injury in summer. In recent times, they are universally used for consumptive coughs, likely because they harmonize the Stomach and direct Qi downward; when Qi descends, Fire descends and Phlegm dissipates; when the Stomach harmonizes, vomiting and hiccups cease. However, they are contraindicated for Stomach-cold vomiting and Wind-Cold coughs. The seeds are very cold and attack Liver and Spleen Qi. When cooked with Perilla frutescens (Luosu) in bran sauce, the color turns green; when boiled with crab, it does not turn red even when fully cooked, indicating its cold nature and affinity for the Liver meridian.