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[Green Tangerine Peel]
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Use after stir-frying with vinegar. Those sliced into four sections resembling a lotus flower are called "Lotus Green Peel," while those as small as beans are referred to as "Green Peel." Small oranges may be mixed within the fruit, making them difficult to distinguish.

[Invention/Commentary]
Green tangerine peel was not recorded in ancient formulas; it was first used by physicians during the Song Dynasty. It enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen and Foot-Jueyin Liver meridians. It breaks up stagnant Qi, reduces hard accumulations, and treats hernia pain in the lower abdomen by unblocking these two meridians and promoting Qi circulation. It is frequently used for pediatric accumulation disorders. Green tangerine peel has the strongest diaphoretic effect; it should be avoided in patients with excessive sweating. For chronic malaria with severe heat, which inevitably leads to the formation of masses (Pi masses), frequent administration is appropriate. Qingpi Yin contains green tangerine peel to soothe Liver pathogenic factors, thereby preventing the formation of masses. It is contraindicated in individuals with deficient Middle Qi, as it excessively attacks the Liver and damages the body's generating Qi.

[Tangerine Seed]
Bitter, warm, non-toxic. Remove the shell, roast until fragrant, and grind before use. The fine ones are tangerine seeds (Juhé), while the coarse ones are orange seeds.

[Invention/Commentary]
Tangerine seed has a sinking and descending nature and enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian, sharing the same efficacy as green tangerine peel. Therefore, it is used to treat lower back pain and hernias affecting the lower body, not merely due to the symbolic correspondence of seeds treating lower jiao diseases, but also due to its pharmacological properties. However, it is suitable only for excess patterns and is contraindicated in deficiency patterns, as its bitter taste severely damages the harmonious Qi of the Stomach.

[Tangerine Leaf]
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.

[Invention/Commentary]
Tangerine leaf is bitter and neutral; it guides rebellious Qi in the chest and diaphragm downward and dissipates mastitis. When crushed and mixed with flour, it can be applied externally to treat chest and diaphragm fullness caused by Cold Damage (Shanghan). It is also used to treat Lung Abscess (Fei Yong); administering one cup of its expressed juice allows the patient to vomit out pus and blood, leading to recovery.

[Kumquat Peel / Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' Peel]
Pungent, bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic.

[Invention/Commentary]
Kumquat peel produced in Huazhou, Guangdong, is of the highest quality. Although both kumquat peel and tangerine peel are agents that direct Qi downward, their thermal natures differ significantly. Therefore, the *Kaibao Bencao* utilizes it to clear heat toxins in the intestines, resolve toxicity from mineral drugs (Danshi), relieve sudden thirst, and promote urination, all leveraging its pungent-cold nature to disperse heat stagnation. It is rarely known or used in later times; only the *Qianjin Fang* employs it, referring to it as "kumquat peel."

[Orange]
Sour, cold, non-toxic.

[Invention/Commentary]
Orange possesses a sour and cold nature and is seldom used in medical prescriptions. Fresh orange is primarily used to neutralize the toxicity of fish and crab. Stored with salt for consumption, it stops nausea and resolves alcohol intoxication. It is contraindicated during the chills and fever stages of malaria, as its sour and cold nature can cause pathogenic factors to stagnate. Its seed treats lumbar strain and sprain; when roasted, ground, and taken with wine (3 qian), it brings about immediate recovery.