俗名谷树子根，皮名谷白皮
甘平无毒。
发明 楮实走肝肾血分，《别录》治阴痿水肿，益气充肌，明目。《大明》言，壮筋骨
，助阳气，补虚劳，健腰膝，益颜色。而《修真秘旨》言，久服令人骨软。《济生秘旨》言
，治骨鲠用楮实煎汤服之，岂非软骨之征乎。脾胃虚人禁用。楮根白皮《别录》主逐水利小
便。甄权治水肿气满。《吴普》治喉痹，总取散风祛毒之义。
辛苦平无毒。陈者良。生熟各随本方。
《本经》主大风在皮肤中，如麻豆苦痒，除寒热结。
发明 枳壳破气化痰，泄肺走大肠，多用损胸中至高之气。枳壳主高，枳实主下；高者
主气，下者主血。故壳主胸膈皮毛之病。《本经》所治大风在皮肤中如麻豆苦痒，除寒热结
，是指表病而言。实主脾胃心腹之病。《本经》所谓止痢长肌肉，利五脏，益气轻身，是指
里病而言。凡人脏腑清利则气自益，身自轻矣。详枳壳、枳实皆能利气，气下则痰喘止，气
行则痞胀消，气通则刺痛已，气利则后重除也。仲景治胸胁痞满，以枳实为要药。诸方治下
血痔痢，大肠秘塞，里急后重，又以枳壳为通利，则枳实不独治下，枳壳不独治高也。然枳
实性沉兼能入肝脾血分，而消食积痰气瘀血，有冲墙倒壁之喻。枳壳性浮兼通肺胃气分，而
治喘咳，霍乱水肿，有乘风破浪之势。与桔梗同为舟楫之剂，故柴胡、枳壳除寒热痞满之专
药。凡夹食伤寒感冒与表药同用，皆无妨碍。妊娠胞肥，有瘦胎饮，乃因气壅阻滞而设。设
素禀怯弱者误服，令母气耗难产，子亦气弱难育，是取虚虚之祸也。
The fruit of the paper mulberry tree (Broussonetia papyrifera), commonly known as Gushu Zi Gen, has a bark called Gu Bai Pi.
It is sweet in taste, neutral in nature, and non-toxic.
[Invention/Commentary] Bousseto (Fructus Broussonetiae Papyriferae) enters the blood aspect of the Liver and Kidney meridians. *Bie Lu* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica Supplement) records its use in treating impotence and edema, benefiting Qi to fill the muscles, and brightening the eyes. *Da Ming* states it strengthens sinews and bones, assists Yang Qi, tonifies deficiency and fatigue, strengthens the waist and knees, and improves complexion. However, *Xiuzhen Mizhi* claims that long-term consumption causes bones to become soft. *Jisheng Mizhi* mentions using Bousseto decoction to treat fishbone impaction in the throat; does this not serve as evidence of its bone-softening properties? It is contraindicated for individuals with Spleen and Stomach deficiency. The white inner bark of the Bousseto root (*Gen Bupaperi Cortex*) was recorded in *Ben Jing* to promote urination and diuresis. Zhen Quan used it to treat edema and abdominal fullness. *Wu Pu* used it to treat Hou Bi (sore throat with obstruction), generally utilizing its meaning of dispersing Wind and removing toxicity.
Zhi Qiao (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae - Green Tangerine Peel) is pungent and bitter, neutral in nature, and non-toxic. Aged specimens are preferred. Use raw or processed according to the specific prescription.
*Ben Jing* treats "Great Wind" in the skin, causing itching like hemp seeds or beans, and eliminates cold-heat nodules.
[Invention/Commentary] Zhi Qiao breaks Qi stagnation and transforms phlegm, drains Lung Qi, and directs towards the Large Intestine; excessive use damages the supreme Qi in the chest. Zhi Qiao acts on the upper body, while Zhi Shi acts on the lower body; the upper primarily regulates Qi, and the lower primarily regulates Blood. Therefore, Zhi Qiao treats diseases of the chest/diaphragm and skin/hair. The "Great Wind in the skin... eliminating cold-heat nodules" mentioned in *Ben Jing* refers to exterior syndromes. Zhi Shi treats diseases of the Spleen, Stomach, Heart, and abdomen. The "stopping dysentery, promoting muscle growth, benefiting the five Zang organs, enriching Qi, and lightening the body" mentioned in *Ben Jing* refers to interior syndromes. When the internal organs are clear and unobstructed, Qi naturally benefits, and the body feels light. Specifically, both Zhi Qiao and Zhi Shi can regulate Qi: when Qi descends, phlegm and wheezing stop; when Qi moves, distension and fullness dissipate; when Qi flows freely, stabbing pain ceases; when Qi flow is promoted, tenesmus is relieved. Zhang Zhongjing treated chest and hypochondriac fullness/stuffiness using Zhi Shi as a key herb. Various prescriptions treat lower bleeding, hemorrhoids, and dysentery, along with constipation and tenesmus, using Zhi Qiao for unblocking and draining; thus, Zhi Shi is not exclusive to lower treatments, nor is Zhi Qiao exclusive to upper treatments. However, Zhi Shi has a sinking nature and can enter the Blood aspect of the Liver and Spleen to eliminate food retention, phlegm-Qi stagnation, and blood stasis, possessing the power to crash through walls and topple battlements. Zhi Qiao has a floating nature and connects with the Qi aspect of the Lung and Stomach to treat wheezing, cough, cholera-like disorders, and edema, having the momentum of riding the wind and waves. Paired with Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), they act as a boat and oar (lifting agents); therefore, Chai Hu and Zhi Qiao are specialized herbs for treating cold-heat and fullness/stuffiness. For Cold Damage complicated by food retention combined with exterior-releasing herbs, there is no hindrance. In pregnancy, if the fetus is large, there is a formula called Shou Tai Yin (Fetus-Thinning Decoction), established due to Qi congestion and obstruction. If taken by mistake by someone constitutionally weak, it may deplete maternal Qi, leading to difficult labor, and the child may have weak Qi and difficulty thriving; this results in the disaster of "treating deficiency with deficiency."