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Hupí (Oak Bark), also known as Chílóngpí (Red Dragon Skin).
Bitter and astringent, neutral in nature, non-toxic.

[Invention] Decoction of Hupí is effective in expelling parasites and treating fistulas and malignant sores. It can treat bloody and purulent dysentery (Chibai Li) and intestinal wind bleeding (Changfeng Xiexue). In *Zhouhou Fang* (Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies), the "Chilongpi San" uses Hupí as the chief ingredient to treat ulcerative sores in the lower body. In *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold), it is frequently used to treat deep-seated bone abscesses (Fugu Ju) and gu poison, taking advantage of its bitter and astringent properties to resolve toxins.

The flesh is sweet and warm; the seed is astringent, neutral, and non-toxic. It treats hernia (Shan); seeds from Jianchan with broad shoulders are considered superior.

[Invention] The fruit of Litchi has pure yang qi and can dissipate formless stagnant qi, making it suitable for tumors, warts, redness, and swelling. Excessive consumption causes fever, irritability, thirst, dry mouth, and epistaxis. However, the seed enters the Jueyin Meridian and disperses stagnant qi. Since the fruit often grows in pairs and resembles testicles, its use in treating hernial cysts embodies the principle of sympathetic magic based on morphological similarity. Li Shizhen used it to treat stabbing pain from hernias and blood-stagnation pain in women. However, varieties that are small, have flesh resembling Longyan, and have sharp, small seeds are only suitable for vinegar-grinding to treat tinea; they are ineffective for treating hernias.

Longyan, commonly known as Yuanyan.
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Those produced in Guangxi are superior; those from eastern Guangdong are too hot in nature and unsuitable for medicinal use.

[Invention] Longyan nourishes blood and benefits the liver. When boiled into a paste with Gouqi, it specifically tonifies the blood of the Heart and Spleen. It is used in Guipi Tang to treat damage to the Heart and Spleen caused by overthinking, leveraging its sweet flavor to enter the Spleen and enhance wisdom. However, individuals with middle-jiao fullness or vomiting should avoid it due to its tendency to cause qi stagnation; nuns, monks, and widows should avoid it because it can aggravate the fire of the Pericardium and fan the flames of the Triple Burner.

Ganlan, also known as Qingguo.
Astringent and sweet, warm, non-toxic.

[Invention] Ganlan tastes astringent first and then sweet; it generates fluids, relieves thirst, opens the appetite, and resolves phlegm. It is suitable after heavy meals or for coughs caused by cold-phlegm. It should not be mistakenly consumed by those with heat-cough. Patients who consume it excessively may experience qi congestion because its warm and astringent nature gathers fire qi in the Stomach. It can also detoxify alcohol and the poisons of Tai fish, pufferfish, and other fish and shellfish; observing that Zhu fish die after eating Ganlan residue confirms its ability to resolve fish toxins. Therefore, chewing and swallowing the juice can effectively treat fish bones stuck in the throat. Patients with smallpox should consume it in moderation, as it detoxifies and aids the mild qi of the Stomach, promoting the eruption of pustules. Additionally, burning the seed to ash and forming pills with honey, taken together with Huangdu, can thin out smallpox lesions. However, its nature is specifically dedicated to sweeping out fetal toxins; excessive intake causes vomiting and diarrhea. For newborn infants, three walnuts with skin, one ash-made portion of Ganlan seed, one fen each of Zhusha (Cinnabar) and Xionghuang (Realgar), ground fine, mixed with Licorice juice and raw white honey, strained, and taken warm before breastfeeding, can substitute for Huadu Dan. However, Huadu Dan treats fetal heat with a red face, whereas this formula treats fetal cold with a pale face; they must not be confused. Furthermore, Ganlan ash applied externally to metal wounds prevents scarring. Water-ground fresh seeds applied to scars gradually diminish them.