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Baitouweng, also known as Yezhangren.
Bitter in taste, slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Produced in the Qilu region; those with tall stalks and white leaves have superior efficacy, while those growing among Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) that are short and small have weaker efficacy. Processing with wine is beneficial.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* records its indications for warm malaria with manic episodes, phlegm-masses and accumulations accompanied by alternating chills and fever, goiter (neck masses), expelling blood stasis, relieving abdominal pain, and treating metal-wounds.

[Invention] Baitouweng is bitter and slightly cold, entering the blood aspect of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. The record in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* stating it is "bitter and warm" is a transcription error. Its treatment of warm malaria with mania, alternating chills and fever, etc., all stem from the solidification of heat pathogens in the Shaoyang and Yangming meridians. When the consolidation dissipates, the accumulated blood stasis is removed, and abdominal pain ceases. The *Mingyi Bielu* records its ability to stop epistaxis, and Tao Hongjing noted its efficacy in toxic dysentery; these are also manifestations of heat-toxin invading and damaging the blood aspect. Zhang Zhongjing used Baitouweng Tang to treat heat-dysentery with a sensation of heaviness in the anus. Generally, the Kidney desires firmness, and urgently needs bitter substances to firm it; since dysentery causes deficiency in the Lower Jiao, pure bitter agents are used to firm it. It is effective for male yin-hernia with testicular swelling and descent, pediatric alopecia capitis totalis, epistaxis, and heat-toxin-induced dysentery with purple or fresh red blood in the stool. However, it should not be taken by patients with Spleen-Stomach deficiency where undigested food appears in the stool, or where long-standing dysentery results in thin, pale bloody water discharge, because of its bitter-cold descending and purgative nature.

Baiji, bitter and acrid in taste, neutral yet slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Incompatible with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Fuzi) and Aconiti Radix (Wutou).
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* records its indications for carbuncles, malignant sores, gangrenous ulcers, damaged Yin and necrotic muscle, evil qi in the stomach, sudden wind attacks (tsze-feng), and flaccid paralysis with inability to control movement.

[Invention] Baiji has astringent and consolidating properties, inheriting the Qi of Autumn Metal, thus entering the Lung Meridian to stop bleeding, generate flesh, and treat sores. The *Shennong Bencao Jing*'s record of treating gangrenous ulcers, damaged Yin, and necrotic muscle refers to conditions caused by heat obstruction and blood injury; the evil qi in the stomach also refers to pathogenic heat. Sudden wind attacks and flaccid paralysis are caused by heat in the blood aspect and damp-heat injuring the Yin. It treats hematemesis and hemoptysis due to its astringent nature. When ground into powder and taken with rice water, it stops bleeding immediately. A method to test the source of blood: spit blood into a basin; blood floating on the surface is Lung blood, blood sinking to the bottom is Liver blood, and blood half-floating and half-sinking is Heart blood, each treated according to observation. Boiled sheep lung, liver, and heart dipped in Baiji powder can be eaten daily; this method is frequently used in formulas for metal-wounds and carbuncles.