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[Sheep Horn]
Pronounced "Gu," referring to black sheep.
Salty, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Classic of Materia Medica) states it treats blindness (Qingmang), improves vision, stops palpitations and cold-type diarrhea, and with long-term use, calms the mind, benefits Qi, lightens the body, kills toxic insects, and when burned while entering mountains, wards off evil spirits, tigers, and wild wolves.

Invention: Sheep and antelopes are both wild beasts. [Context implies comparison] The male is particularly fierce; its horns have ridges, resembling those of the antelope, but are black as lacquer. Therefore, sheep horn specifically attacks kidney pathogens and wards off inauspiciousness, with effects largely similar to antelope horn, allowing for mutual reference. The mention of treating blindness and improving vision in the *Bencao Jing* corresponds to the specific efficacy of antelope horn in brightening the eyes. The mention of stopping palpitations corresponds to antelope horn's treatment of demonic sleep (abnormal lethargy). The mention of stopping cold diarrhea corresponds to antelope horn's removal of malignant blood flowing downward. The mention of long-term use calming the mind, benefiting Qi, and lightening the body corresponds to antelope horn's ability to benefit Qi and raise Yin Qi. The mention of killing toxic insects and warding off evil spirits, tigers, and wild wolves corresponds to antelope horn's expulsion of gu poison and inauspicious influences. However, sheep horn treats cold diarrhea due to kidney deficiency failing to secure fluids, whereas antelope horn treats malignant blood flowing downward due to liver injury failing to control blood. Furthermore, the *Bielu* (Supplement to the Classic of Materia Medica) records treating gu poison and hematemesis, which aligns with the indications for antelope horn. In summary, sheep horn specifically remedies the pupil (vision/eye structure), while antelope horn specifically dissolves ocular opacities; these are standard treatments for their respective conditions. As for the claim that burning it wards off evil spirits, tigers, and wild wolves, this is so peculiar and unexpected that it cannot be compared to ordinary substances.

[Cow/Beef]
Sweet, warm in nature, non-toxic.
Consuming it together with pork may cause tapeworms (Cunbai Chong). Only the cow's liver avidly eats snakes; consuming such meat harms humans. If a cow dies naturally in spring, it is particularly dangerous. Consuming beef or beef from cows suffering from carbuncles can induce plague-like symptoms; immediately decoct raw Licorice Root (Gancao) juice to detoxify. If one's hands or feet are injured by the hide of a plague-stricken cow during skinning, it causes abdominal distension; immediate detoxification is required, otherwise it becomes incurable.

Invention: Yellow beef tonifies Qi, with effects similar to Astragalus Root (Huangqi). By observing Danxi's "Douchang Method" treatise and extending the logic, one can understand the spleen-tonifying (Earth-element) capacity of cattle. Additionally, taking five jin (approx. 2.5 kg) of each of the four hooves of yellow beef, simmered into a paste, filtered, and dried like deer glue, is named Xiataian Gao (Rosy Sky Paste). It treats stroke-induced hemiplegia, facial paralysis, phlegm-saliva obstruction, retained phlegm-fluids and masses in the five zang and six fu organs, phlegm nodules in the skin of the hands and feet, and extreme emaciation after severe illness. For every jin of paste, add four liang (approx. 150 g) of Poria (Fuling), melt it, and take three to qian (approx. 9-15 g) on an empty stomach with wine. For obese individuals with much phlegm, add four liang of Pinellia Fermented Pill (Banxia Qu) and two liang of Tangerine Peel (Guangpi) per jin, form into pills, and take; this yields great effect. Cattle belong to Kun Earth, but the Gallbladder governs Wind-Wood; thus, it can calm the liver and brighten the eyes. In the twelfth lunar month, ferment Star Arisaema Rhizome (Nanxing) powder and dry it in the shade; stored for many years, it becomes bitter, moist, and non-drying. It treats wind-phlegm in meridians and pediatric convulsive phlegm, with efficacy not inferior to Calculus Bovis (Niuhuang). Cow bone marrow tonifies the center and fills the marrow; long-term use increases longevity and moistens the skin. Yellow cow brain, combined with herbs, treats cephalalgia and nasal sinusitis (Naolou). Cow horn base (Jiaosai), recorded in the *Bencao Jing*, expels stagnant blood and resolves pain from blood stasis, and treats leukorrhea and metrorrhagia in women; calcined and taken with wine. Li Shizhen stated that calcined powder treats metrorrhagia in women, hematochezia, and bloody dysentery. Cow blood is warm-natured, tonifies various deficiencies of the spleen and stomach, treats hematochezia and bloody dysentasy, and is suitable for all patients recovering from illness who are emaciated. The cow's lung lobe (Ye), dried on tiles and powdered, taken with wine, treats throat obstruction (Houbi) and qi goiter; ancient formulas often used it, or it was better used in herbal preparations, as it guides herbs into the Lung Meridian to resolve Qi stagnation, similar to the therapeutic actions of pig and sheep lung lobes. Calcined cow teeth treat pediatric epilepsy. Cow milk tonifies emaciation, quenches thirst, treats dysphagia and regurgitation, and is suitable for those with dry stools. Added with fresh ginger and scallion white, it stops vomiting of milk in children due to wind-heat. Fish that co-exist with cow or horse meat become Bi Jia (turtle-shaped abdominal mass) if eaten. Cow urine treats edema, but should not be used by those with weak stomachs and poor appetite. Calcined cow dung applied externally treats ulcerated smallpox lesions in children. The *Chanbao* records using wet cow dung applied topically to treat retained dead fetus in the uterus. Juice extracted from cow grass treats regurgitation and dysphagia, utilizing its property of abundant saliva production.