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(Pungent, bitter, neutral in nature, non-toxic.) The *Bencao* (Compendium of Materia Medica) considers it cold in nature, which is a mistake. How can there be something that is pungent and aromatic yet cold in nature? Those produced in Shu (Sichuan) are round with sharp tails, resembling the abdomen of a cicada. There is a small hole at the sprouting point. The skin is yellow with black tinges, and the entire body is rough and wrinkled like the texture of a parasol tree seed. Each piece weighs approximately half a qian. When broken open, the substance is hard, yellowish with purple-black hues, and emits a faint fragrance without being overpowering; this is the authentic product. If the pieces vary in size, are yellow, have fine transverse wrinkles on the skin, possess thread-like roots, are hollow inside when broken, soft in texture, yellow both inside and out, and have a strong, pungent odor, they are slices of Turmeric Rhizome (*Curcumae Longae Rhizoma*). If they are round, similar at both ends, have transverse wrinkles all over, no small hole at the sprouting point, and emit a strong, nose-piercing odor when broken, they are smaller pieces of dyed Turmeric Rhizome. Curcuma Zedoaria Rhizome (*Zedoariae Rhizoma*) consists of large chunks, greenish-black in color; the largest type is Guang Zedoaria Rhizome, which is distinct from this. Su Gong failed to distinguish them and considered them the same substance, which is erroneous.

Elucidation: Jinyu is pungent and aromatic but not harsh. Its action first ascends and then descends, entering the Heart and Pericardium channels. It treats hematemesis (vomiting blood), epistaxis (nosebleed), and hemoptysis/sputum with blood, breaking up bad blood. For strangury with blood (hematuria), bloody urine, retrograde menstruation in women, postpartum retained blood rushing to the heart, and heart pain due to old blood stasis, it is appropriate to take Jinyu powder mixed with ginger juice and child's urine (Tongbian). The blood will naturally clear. For phlegm containing blood, add Bamboo Sap (Zhuli). For upward-flowing epistaxis, add it to Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction). A woman suffered from "Shixin Fengdian" (Heart-Loss Wind-Mania) for ten years. She was prescribed pills made of four liang of Jinyu assisted by one liang of Alum (Mingfan), coated with Cinnabar (Zhusha). After taking only fifty pills, she felt as if an object had been removed from her heart; after taking more, she regained consciousness. This is because Jinyu enters the Heart to remove bad blood, Alum resolves stubborn phlegm, and Cinnabar calms the spirit. Jinyu can also transform masses into fluid. In Lingnan, where Gu poison causes harm, if chest and abdominal pain are initially felt, immediately induce vomiting using Shengma or Danchan. If there is urgent pain below the diaphragm, mix three qian of Jinyu powder with rice soup and ingest it; this will cause the discharge of evil substances. Alternatively, take it combined with Shengma and Jinyu; if vomiting does not occur, diarrhea will follow. This prescription was obtained by Li Xuyan while serving as the Judicial Administrator of Leizhou during case trials, saving many lives. Commentary: The efficacy of the above treatments lies primarily in breaking blood and generating new blood. Nowadays, people mistakenly regard it as a holy medicine for all types of bleeding. Patients do not spare heavy expenses, and physicians use it to profit, often substituting it with Turmeric Rhizome, causing significant harm. It is strictly contraindicated for deficiency-type hemorrhage due to Yin deficiency, and for upward reversal of blood forced by Yin fire.