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(Ben Jing Xia Pin / Lower Category of the Classic of Materia Medica)
[Flavor and Nature] Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats eyes closing, itching, and pain; brightens vision; enables clear night vision with a radiant glow. Long-term consumption brings joy, beauty, and freedom from worry.
[Verification] It is said: Ye Ming Sha (Bat Guano) is the feces of Fuyi (bats). Fuyi resembles a mouse, is grayish-black, has fleshy wings between its ribs, and its four feet and tail are connected. When resting, it hangs upside down; when feeding, it consumes mosquitoes and gnats. It mostly inhabits deep mountain cliffs, caves, and secluded dark places. It is transformed from tuo li (alligator lice) and mice, and further transforms into Kui Ge (a type of clam). It hibernates in winter and emerges in summer, with significant efficacy during the day. For processing, first sieve it several times through a coarse-mesh sieve, then wash it with water to remove sand and soil, place it in a ramie cloth bag, and rinse it repeatedly in a stream until the weight is reduced by about 70%. Then rinse it again in a finer ramie bag. From one dou (approx. 10 liters), about two liang (approx. 60-75 grams) can be obtained. The material should shine brightly and be round and granular for best quality. Flat pieces are mosquito skins. If obtained from bats that consumed Zhong Ru Shi (Stalactite), process as above, selecting those that shine like precious gems as the best. Dry them over slow fire through paper, grind into an extremely fine powder, and use in prescriptions. Xian Shi (Amaranth Seed) and Yun Shi (Caesalpinia Crista) serve as Shi (directing herbs).
[Commentary] It is said: Xuan Hui (luminous light) does not sleep at night, hence named "Ye Ming" (Night Brightness); it feeds on mosquitoes, which are prey of Fuyi; it emerges in summer and hibernates in winter, floating and sinking according to seasonal order; it flies at night and rests during the day, alternating between day and night like inhalation and exhalation; when resting, it hangs upside down, embodying the image of yin-yang inversion. Bats that consume Stalactite have red crests and white bodies, belonging to the category of Rou Zhi (Fleshy Lingzhi), thus their efficacy is similar to that of Zhong Ru Shi (Stalactite) and the Six Zhis. Lingzhi appears in summer, while Stalactite exudes in summer; their transformations interact, and their natures are similar. (Only those that can float and sink according to seasonal order can achieve the rhythmic inhalation and exhalation, and interact with yin and yang, thereby forming true yin-yang inversion.)

(Ben Jing Xia Pin / Lower Category of the Classic of Materia Medica)
[Flavor and Nature] Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats five types of hemorrhoids (Wu Zhi), latent heat in the abdomen, and internal erosion due to intestinal abscess (Chang Yong).
[Verification] It is said: The front and rear four hooves each have a hanging hoof (Xuan Ti). The nail of the hanging hoof is sharp and small; the nail of the walking hoof (Jian Ti) is large and round. For processing, soak in wine for half a day, then roast over willow wood fire until crisp and brittle for use.
[Commentary] It is said: Observing the black and white colors of pig hooves reveals the pig's irritable nature; black pigs are indeed irritable, but white ones are even more so. Thus, we know the pig's strength lies in its hooves, and its essence concentrates in its nails. The Xuan Ti Jia (Hanging Hoof Nail) refers to pig hooves resembling deer claws with four toes: two touch the ground, and two hang upwards. The upward-hanging nails are the Xuan Ti Jia. It is erroneous to consider the left hind hoof as the hanging hoof. Generally, pigs walk without lifting their feet, dragging their heels, symbolizing the downward tendency of water, hence classified as Water Livestock. All four hooves hang down; none are seen hanging only on the left rear. The Yu Yang states: "Pigs kept in pens walk without lifting their feet, moving smoothly like flowing water; when walking upright, their chins droop like arrows; when wearing a bian hat, they lift their shoes briskly; holding a gui jade, they raise their front feet and drag their heels." The Pi Ya states: "The enclosure for domestic animals is called quan; a young pig is called tun. 'Duan' is read as in Duan Bian, and 'Bian' as in Bian Mian. Thus, walking without lifting feet and moving smoothly like water is the demeanor of wearing a crown. Chin drooping like an arrow is the demeanor of upright walking. Briskly lifting shoes is the demeanor of wearing a bian hat. Rituals use objects and clothing to record these walking postures, referencing each other. Therefore, Water Livestock tends downward, countering latent heat in the abdomen, leading to Chang Yong (intestinal abscess), internal erosion, and Wu Zhi (hemorrhoids). The Classic states: Where heat gathers, pus and abscesses form. One must select the location where essence concentrates to achieve internal and external correspondence."