（本经上品）
【气味】酸寒，无毒。
【主治】主寒热，泄痢白沃，阴蚀恶疮，目痛，坚骨齿。炼饵服之，轻身不老增寿。
【核】曰∶出河西山谷，及陇西武都、石门，吴中、益州、晋州、青州、慈州、无为州
诸处。颂云∶初生皆石，烧碎煎炼，乃成矾也。凡五种，其色各异，白矾、黄矾、绿矾、黑
矾、绛矾也。时珍云∶折而辨之，不止五种。白矾，方士谓之白君，出晋州者上，青州、吴
中者次之。洁白者为雪矾，光明者为明矾，亦名云母矾；文如束针，状如粉扑者为波斯白矾，
并入药为良。黑矾，铅矾也，出晋地，其状如黑泥者为昆仑矾；其状如赤石脂，有金星者为
铁矾；其状如紫石英，引之成金线，画刀上，即紫赤色者，为波斯紫矾，并不入药饵，惟丹
灶及疮家用之。绿矾、绛矾、黄矾，俱见本品条下。其杂色者，则有鸡屎矾、鸭屎矾、鸡毛
矾、粥矾，皆下品，亦入外丹家用也。修事，凡使白矾石，贮瓷瓶内，置于火中， 令内外
通赤，钳揭起盖，旋安石蜂巢入内烧之。每十两，用巢六两，烧尽为度。取出放冷，研粉，
以纸裹，安五寸深土坑中，一宿取用。又法∶取光明如水晶，酸、咸、涩味俱全者，研作细
粉。以瓷瓶，用六一泥固之，候泥干，入粉三升于瓶内，旋入五方草，及紫背天葵，各取汁
一镒，俟汁干，盖瓶口，更泥封，上下用火百斤， 之。从巳至未，去火取出，则色如银，
研如轻粉用。时珍云∶今人 干谓之枯矾，不 者为之生矾。入服食家法，用新桑合 一具，
于密室净地，以火烧地令热，洒水，或若流于上，乃布白矾于地上，以 覆之，四面用灰壅
定。俟一日夜，其石精皆飞于 上，即扫取之。更如前法，凡数遍乃止，名曰矾精。若欲作
水，即以扫下矾精一斤，纳三年苦酒一斗中，澄清之，号曰矾华，百日弥佳。若急用之，七
日亦可。甘草为之使。恶牡蛎。畏麻黄。
【 】曰∶矾石具五色味，本经品白为上，寒酸偏胜，涩其性，非味也。盖弱土之气，
御于白天生白矾，是禀天一水，转坚金地矣。故一名羽涅。羽者，水之音；涅者，水中之具
土者。固石显土地坚金之体相，熔则仍还水大润湿之本性耳。然则功能，不唯涩去脱，亦滑
去着矣。故泄痢白沃者涩之；息肉疮蚀者滑之；若坚骨固齿，明目增年，及失音瘰 ，痰癖
淡
[Shangpin (Superior Grade) of the *Shennong Bencao Jing*]
[Flavor and Nature] Sour, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats alternating chills and fever, dysentery with white purulent discharge (Xie Li Bai Wo), corrosive ulcers in the genital area, eye pain, and strengthens bones and teeth. After refining and taking it orally, it lightens the body, delays aging, and increases longevity.
[Verification] Says: Alunite is produced in the valleys of Hexi, as well as in Wudu and Shimen of Longxi, Wuzhong, Yizhou, Jinzhou, Qingzhou, Cizhou, and Wuwei Zhou. Su Song stated: Initially, it is all stone; after being crushed by burning and then decocted and refined, it becomes alum. There are five types, each with different colors: white alum, yellow alum, green alum, black alum, and crimson alum. Li Shizhen said: Breaking it to distinguish, there are more than five types. White alum is called "White Lord" by alchemists; the one from Jinzhou is of the highest quality, followed by those from Qingzhou and Wuzhong. The pure white one is called Snow Alum; the bright and transparent one is called Bright Alum, also known as Mica Alum; the one with textures like bundled needles and shape like a powder puff is Persian White Alum; these are all excellent for medicinal use. Black alum is lead alum, produced in Jin region; the one resembling black mud is Kunlun Alum; the one resembling cinnabar earth with gold stars is Iron Alum; the one resembling purple quartz, which can be drawn into golden threads when pulled and turns purple-red when drawn on a knife, is Persian Purple Alum; none of these are used for internal administration but only for alchemical furnaces and external wound treatment. Green alum, crimson alum, and yellow alum are recorded separately under their respective entries. Those with mixed colors include Chicken Dropping Alum, Duck Dropping Alum, Chicken Feather Alum, and Porridge Alum; these all belong to the Lower Grade and are also used by external alchemists. Processing method: Whenever using white alum stone, store it in a porcelain bottle, place it in fire, let both inside and outside become red hot, use tongs to lift the lid, and immediately insert a stone honeycomb to burn. For every ten taels of alum stone, use six taels of honeycomb, until completely burned. Take out, let cool, grind into powder, wrap in paper, and bury in a soil pit five inches deep for one night before use. Another method: Select those bright as crystal, possessing sour, salty, and astringent flavors, grind into fine powder. Use a porcelain bottle, seal it with Liu Yi Mud, wait until the mud dries, put three sheng of powder into the bottle, then add juice extracted from Wufang Grass and Zi Bei Tian Kui, one yi of each. Wait until the juice dries, cover the bottle mouth, seal again with mud, apply fire of one hundred jin above and below, calcine it. From Si hour to Wei hour, remove fire and take out; the color will be like silver, grind like Qing Fen (Lead Subcarbonate). Li Shizhen said: Nowadays, people call dried alum Ku Fan (Burnt Alum), and undried ones Sheng Fan (Raw Alum). Entering the method of ingestion practitioners: Use a new mulberry wood vessel, in a clean room on clean ground, heat the ground by fire, sprinkle water, or if water flows on top, spread white alum on the ground, cover it with the vessel, and secure the four sides with ash. Wait for one day and night, its stone essence will fly onto the vessel, then sweep it off. Repeat the previous method several times until stopping, named Fan Jing (Alum Essence). If wishing to make liquid, take one jin of swept Alum Essence, mix with one dou of three-year-old vinegar, clarify it, named Fan Hua (Alum Flower), better after one hundred days. If urgent use is needed, seven days suffice. Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gan Cao) acts as its guide drug. It abhors Ostrea gigas (Mu Li). It fears Ephedrae Herba (Ma Huang).
[Yanyi] Says: Alunite possesses five colors and five flavors. The *Bencao Jing* rates white alum as superior. Its cold and sour nature prevails, astringing its inherent nature, which is not truly a flavor. It is essentially weak Earth Qi resisting the generation of white alum during the day, thereby receiving the Water of Tianyi and transforming into a solid Metal form. Hence, it is also named Yu Nie. "Yu" is the sound of water; "Nie" refers to things containing earth within water. It indeed manifests the physical appearance of stone revealing solid earth and hard metal, yet upon melting, it still returns to the original nature of great moisture and wetness of Water. Therefore, its functions are not only to astringe and stop leakage, but also to lubricate and remove stagnation. Thus, for dysentery with white purulent discharge, it is used for astringency; for polyps and erosive sores, it is used for lubrication; regarding strengthening bones and teeth, brightening eyes, increasing years, as well as aphonia, scrofula, phlegm accumulation...