燥、暖胃温肾。
辛温纯阳。泄肺温胃。大能疗肾。壮阳事。暖阴户。治胃冷壅胀。呕哕呃逆。（呃逆、
有痰
阻气滞、食塞不得升降者、有火郁下焦者、有伤寒汗吐下后、中气大虚者、有阳明内热失下
者、有痢疾大下、胃虚而阴火上冲者、丹溪曰∶人之阴气、依胃为养、土伤则木挟相火、直
冲清道而上、古人以为胃寒、用丁香柿蒂、不能清痰利气、唯助火而已、时珍曰∶当视虚实
阴阳、或泄热、或降气、或温或补、或吐或下可也、古方单用柿蒂、取其苦温降气、济生加
丁香生姜、以取其开郁散痰、亦尝收效、朱氏但执以寒治热、矫枉之过矣。） 癖奔豚。腹
痛口臭。（丹溪曰∶脾有郁火、溢入肺中、浊气上行、发为口气、治以丁香、是扬汤止沸耳
、唯香薷最捷。）脑疳齿 。痘疮灰白不发。辛热而燥。非属虚寒。概勿施用。雄者颗小。
为公丁香。雌者颗大。为母丁香。即鸡舌香。畏郁金。忌火。（证治要诀、治食蟹致伤、丁
香末、姜汤服五分。）
宣、理气。
辛温。调脾肺。利胸膈。疗噎膈之吐。止心腹之疼。辟鬼杀虫。开胃进食。（能引胃气
上升
。）
重、和血。
咸平。血分之药。和营气。消肿毒。敷金疮。止血定痛。诸香动火耗气。夏月囊香辟臭。
尚
谓其散真气而开毛孔。况服之乎。痈疽溃后。诸疮脓多。及阴虚火盛。俱不宜用。
(Dingxiang / Clove) possesses the functions of drying dampness, warming the stomach, and tonifying the kidney.
Its nature is acrid and warm, belonging to pure yang. It can diffuse lung qi and warm the stomach. It is highly effective in treating kidney disorders, strengthening sexual function, and warming the yin cavity. It treats stomach cold causing fullness and distension, vomiting, retching, and hiccups. (Regarding hiccups: if caused by phlegm obstructing qi stagnation or food impaction preventing the ascending and descending of qi; if caused by fire depression in the lower jiao; if caused by severe deficiency of middle qi after treatment with sweating, vomiting, or purging methods for Cold Damage; if caused by Yangming internal heat that was not properly purged; if caused by yin fire rushing upward due to weak stomach qi after severe diarrhea from dysentery. Zhu Danxi stated: Human yin qi relies on stomach qi for nourishment. When spleen and stomach are injured, liver wood carries ministerial fire straight up the clear pathways. The ancients considered this stomach cold and used Dingxiang Shidi Tang, which cannot clear phlegm and regulate qi, but only assists fire. Li Shizhen stated: One must examine deficiency/excess and yin/yang, and may use methods to drain heat, descend qi, warm, tonify, induce vomiting, or purge. Ancient formulas used only Shidi for its bitter-warm qi-descending property; the Jisheng formula added Dingxiang and Shengjiang to open depression and scatter phlegm, achieving efficacy. Zhu's adherence solely to using cold to treat heat was an overcorrection.) It also treats pi accumulation (masses), Bentun qi (rushing gas), abdominal pain, and bad breath. (Zhu Danxi stated: Stagnant fire in the spleen overflows into the lungs, turbid qi ascends, causing halitosis. Treating this with Dingxiang is like stirring hot soup to stop boiling; Xiangru (Moslae Herba) is most effective.) It treats brain gangrene and dental caries. It treats smallpox lesions that are grayish-white and fail to erupt. Its nature is acrid, hot, and drying. If not a deficiency-cold syndrome, it should generally not be used. Male cloves are smaller grains, called Gong Dingxiang (Male Clove); female cloves are larger grains, called Mu Dingxiang (Female Clove). This is also known as Jiti Xiang (Caryophylli Flos / Chicken Tongue Fragrance). It is incompatible with Yujin (Curcumae Radix). Avoid calcination. (Zhengzhi Yaojue records: To treat injury caused by eating crab, take 5 fen of Dingxiang powder with ginger decoction.)
(Baitanxiang / White Sandalwood) has the functions of unblocking and regulating qi.
Its nature is acrid and warm. It harmonizes the spleen and lungs. It benefits the chest and diaphragm. It treats vomiting caused by yige (dysphagia/esophageal obstruction). It stops heart and abdominal pain. It repels evil spirits and kills parasites. It opens the stomach and promotes appetite. (It can guide stomach qi to ascend.)
(Zitanxiang / Red Sandalwood) has the functions of heavy settling and harmonizing blood.
Its nature is salty and neutral. It is a herb entering the blood level. It harmonizes ying qi. It reduces swelling and detoxifies. It is applied to metal wounds. It stops bleeding and relieves pain. All aromatic herbs move fire and consume qi. In summer, carrying sachets for fragrance is said to dissipate true qi and open pores; how much more so when ingested? After ulceration of carbuncles and sores, or when there is excessive pus in various sores, and in cases of yin deficiency with flourishing fire, they are not suitable for use.