金类 玉类 石类 卤石类
重、镇心肝。
辛平有毒。（磨屑顿服、不过三钱而毙、重镇怯。故镇心肝。安魂魄。（能辟除恶祟。）
金制
木。故能治惊痫风热。肝胆之病。银、功用相仿。丸散用箔为衣。煎剂加入药煮。畏锡、水
银。（遇铅则碎、五金皆畏水银。）
重、续筋骨。
辛平。主折伤。续筋骨。散瘀止痛。（折伤必有死血瘀滞经络、然须审虚实、佐以养血
补气
温经之药。）铜非 。不可用。然火毒金毒相煽。复挟香药。热毒内攻。虽有接骨神功。颇
多燥烈之损。大宜慎用。产铜坑中。火 。醋淬七次。细研。甘草水飞。
一名铜绿。重、去风痰。
酸平微毒。内科吐风痰之聚，外科止金疮之血，女科理血气之痛，眼科治风热之疼。杀
虫有
效。疳证亦宜。（色青入肝、专主东方之病。）服之损血。以醋制铜。刮用。（头上生虱、铜
青明矾末掺之、良。）
重、坠痰解毒。
甘寒属肾。禀壬癸之气。水中之金。金丹之母。八石之祖。（丹灶家必用之。）坠痰解毒。
安
神明目。杀虫乌须。（制为梳、以梳须。）性带阴毒。伤人心胃。（解硫黄毒、煎铅汤服、即
解。）
即黄丹。重、内用镇心坠痰、外用解热拔毒。
咸寒。沉重。味兼盐矾。内用镇心安魂坠痰。消积杀虫。治惊疳疟痢。外用解热。拔毒
止痛
。去瘀长肉。性味沉阴。损阳气。黑铅、加硝黄盐矾炼成。凡用以水漂去盐硝、砂石。微火
炒紫色。摊地上。去火毒。铅粉、主治略同。（亦名胡粉、锡粉、时珍曰∶铅粉亦可代铅丹
熬膏、然未经盐矾火 、又有豆粉蛤粉杂之、只入气分、不能入血分、人服食之、则大便色
黑者、此乃还其本质、所谓色坏还为铅也。）
[Mineral and Stone Category]
Gold Class, Jade Class, Stone Class, Halite Class
Lead (Qian): Heavily settles the Heart and Liver.
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature, toxic. (If ground into powder and taken in a single dose, death may occur with no more than three qian, due to its heavy settling property which dispels timidity; thus it settles the Heart and Liver. It calms the Hun and Po spirits. (It can ward off evil influences and malevolent spirits.)
After being quenched by gold vessels (processed with gold), it controls Wood pathogenic factors. Therefore, it treats epilepsy caused by fright and wind-heat syndromes, as well as diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder. Silver has similar functions. When preparing pills and powders, gold foil is used as a coating; when decocting herbal medicines, they are boiled together with the medicine. Lead fears Tin and Mercury. (It shatters upon contact with mercury; all five metals fear mercury.)
Lead: Reconnects sinews and bones.
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature. It primarily treats fractures and traumatic injuries, reconnects sinews and bones, dissipates blood stasis, and relieves pain. (Fractures inevitably result in dead blood stasis obstructing the collaterals; however, one must assess the deficiency or excess of the patient's constitution and supplement with herbs that nourish blood, tonify Qi, and warm the meridians.) Copper is not usable unless processed specifically; however, fire toxicity and metal toxicity may exacerbate each other, compounded by aromatic and drying herbs, leading to internal attack by heat toxins. Although it possesses miraculous bone-setting efficacy, it often causes damage due to its drying and acrid nature. Great caution should be exercised. Copper is produced in mining pits; it must be calcined by fire, quenched seven times in vinegar, finely ground, and then levigated with Licorice root water.
Also known as Verdigris (Tongqing). Heavy: Disperses phlegm-wind.
Sour in flavor, neutral in nature, slightly toxic. In Internal Medicine, it induces vomiting to expel accumulated phlegm-wind; in Surgery, it stops bleeding from metallic wounds; in Gynecology, it regulates painful Qi and Blood disorders; in Ophthalmology, it treats pain caused by wind-heat. It is effective against parasites. It is also suitable for infantile malnutrition (Gan syndrome). (Its green color enters the Liver channel, specifically treating diseases associated with the East/Wood element.) Ingestion damages the blood. It must be processed with vinegar, and the scraped powder is used. (For head lice, sprinkling a mixture of Verdigris and Alum powder on the affected area is beneficial.)
Lead: Descends phlegm and detoxifies.
Sweet in flavor, cold in nature, belongs to the Kidney. It inherits the Qi of Ren and Gui (North Water). It is the Gold within Water, the Mother of Golden Elixirs, and the Ancestor of the Eight Minerals. (Essential for alchemists.) It descends phlegm, detoxifies, calms the Spirit (Shen), improves vision, kills parasites, and darkens hair. (Made into combs to groom the beard.) Its nature carries yin toxicity and damages the Heart and Stomach. (It can resolve Sulfur toxicity; drinking a decoction of Lead resolves this.)
This refers to Red Lead (Huangdan). Heavy: Internally used to settle the Heart, calm the Spirit, and descend phlegm; externally used to clear heat and draw out toxins.
Salty in flavor, cold in nature. Heavy in texture. The taste combines characteristics of Salt and Alum. Internally, it settles the Heart, calms the Soul (Po), descends phlegm, eliminates accumulations, kills parasites, and treats fright, Gan syndrome, malaria, and dysentery. Externally, it clears heat, draws out toxins, relieves pain, removes blood stasis, and promotes tissue regeneration. Its nature and flavor are sinking and yin, damaging Yang Qi. Black Lead is refined with Niter, Rhubarb, Salt, and Alum. For use, it must be washed with water to remove salt, niter, sand, and gravel, stir-fried over low heat until purple, spread on the ground, and left to remove fire toxicity. Lead Carbonate (Qianfen) has roughly the same indications. (Also known as Hu Fen or Tin Powder. Li Shizhen stated: Lead Carbonate can substitute for Red Lead in making plasters, but since it has not been processed with salt, alum, and fire, and is mixed with bean flour and clam shell powder, it only enters the Qi level and cannot enter the Blood level. After ingestion, black stool occurs because it reverts to its original state, described as "when the color deteriorates, it returns to lead.")