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Gougu (Crumplefruit Wood): Also known as Mao'erci (Cat Thorn). It tonifies Yin.
Sweet, slightly bitter, and cool in nature. It benefits the Liver and Kidneys. (Usage: Soak the bark in wine and drink it to strengthen the waist and legs.) Generates fluids and relieves thirst. (Usage: Use leaves as tea; this is excellent.) Dispels Wind. (Usage: Burn branches and leaves to ash, leach with water for juice, or decoct into a paste, apply to vitiligo lesions.)
The plant has thorns, commonly called Laoshuci (Mouse Thorn). (Also named Bajiaocha (Eight-Angled Tea). Chen Zangqi of the Tang Dynasty stated: The wood of this tree is white like dog bones, and its shape resembles Eucommia ulmoides. The Book of Songs says, "There are crumplefruits on the southern mountain," referring to this. Lu Ji's commentary on the Poems states: Its appearance resembles that of Prunus triloba, with white and smooth grain, suitable for making boxes and panels. There are horse flies within the leaves, curling up like seeds, which hatch into flies after metamorphosis. Su Song of the Song Dynasty stated: It grows abundantly in Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions; its wood is excellent for making turned vessels. Li Shizhen stated: The leaves have five thorns resembling a cat's shape, hence the name. The tree resembles Ligustrum lucidum, with very white grain. Leaves are two to three cun long, dark green, thick, hard, and evergreen. Small white flowers bloom in May, bearing fruits similar to Ligustrum lucidum and Smilax glabra berries. In September, when ripe, they turn crimson-red, with thin skin and sweet taste. The seeds have four lobes. People collect its bark to make paste for catching birds, called "Nian" (Sticky substance).)

Nanzhu (Southern Candle): Tonifies Yin.
Bitter, sour, astringent, and neutral in nature. Strengthens sinews and bones, augments Qi and strength. Stops diarrhea, eliminates drowsiness. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life. Prevents hunger. Reverses whitening of hair and delays aging. The fruit is sour, sweet, and neutral. Strengthens sinews and bones, augments Qi and strength, secures essence, and preserves youthful appearance. Also known as Nantianzhu. (Li Shizhen stated: Abundant in the mountains of Wu and Chu. Leaves resemble Symplocos, smooth and sour/astringent in taste. Fruits resemble those of Zelkova schneideriana, growing in clusters, initially green, turning purple in September. Inside are tiny seeds, sweet and sour. Often planted in courtyards. According to Ancient and Modern Poetry Talks, this is Yangtong (Symplocos chinensis).) Leaves resemble Ilex cornuta but smaller; those near water grow particularly lush. On Cold Food Festival, leaves are harvested, soaked in water to dye rice, resulting in shiny green rice, which nourishes Yang Qi, called "Qingjing Fan" (Green Essence Rice).

Goujuye (Crumplefruit Leaf): Disperses, detoxifies.
Pungent, warm in nature. Treats dysentery with pus and blood, and tenesmus. (Usage: Mix equal parts with Dioscorea hypoglauca, stir-fry until carbonized but retaining efficacy, grind into powder, take 2 qian mixed with tea.) Reduces swelling in the throat and guides out toxins. (From *Qiji Fang*: For throat sores that layer upon each other without pain, forming holes over time emitting foul odor, preventing eating and drinking, decoct leaves of Chouju (Stinky Orange) and take continuously until cured.) Also known as Chouju (Stinky Orange). (Leaves resemble Citrus leaves but stems are thorny. White flowers bloom in March, with green stamens lacking fragrance. Fruits are large like marbles, shaped like Aurantii Fructus Immaturus but with thinner skin. Often grown as hedges. Small fruits are collected and sold falsely as Aurantii Fructus Immaturus or Qingjupi (Green Tangerine Peel); distinction is crucial.) Treats wind-worm toothache. Decoct one he of the material, use the juice for mouthwash.