一名茭笋、一名菰笋、一名菰菜。泻热通利肠。
甘冷滑。利五脏。去烦热。除目黄。解酒毒。利二便。治酒 面赤。白癞 疡。风热目
赤。
滑利而冷。甚不益人。根名菰根。冷利甚于芦根。（形亦相似。）实名雕胡米。岁饥可以当
粮。
一名紫英。软坚、消瘿瘤。
甘寒而咸。消瘿瘤积块。（咸能软坚。）治热气烦塞咽喉。藏器曰。多食令人腹痛。发气。
吐
白沫。饮热醋少许。即消。）
润、化痰。
甘寒而咸。清坚顽热痰。消瘿瘤积块。（景岳曰∶热痰能清、湿痰能燥、坚痰能软、顽
痰能
消、可入煎药、亦可入丸药。）治热烦。养阴气。
泻热。
甘咸大寒滑。去上焦浮热。发下部虚寒。状如珊瑚。有红白二色。枝上有细齿。一种稍
粗。
而似鸡爪。谓之鸡脚菜。味更佳。（广东新语云∶石花出崖州海港中、三月采取、过期则成
石矣。）
清热消瘿。
甘寒。微咸。清热消瘿。利小便。（张华博物志、一种石发、似指此、与石衣之石发、
同名
也。）以上水菜类。
治痔。
甘平。有小毒。利五脏，宣肠胃，治五痔，及一切血证。生古槐、桑树者良。柘树者次
之。
地耳、甘寒明目。石耳、甘平。明目益精。
Also known as Jiaosun, Gusun, and Gucai. It clears heat and promotes bowel regularity.
Sweet, cold, and slippery in nature. It benefits the five zang organs, removes vexatious heat, eliminates yellowing of the eyes, resolves alcohol toxicity, and promotes urination and defecation. It treats facial flushing after drinking, leukoderma sores, and redness of the eyes due to wind-heat.
Its nature is slippery and cold, which is highly detrimental to human health. Its root is called Gugen (Zizania Latiflora Root), which is even colder and more slippery than Lugen (Phragmitis Rhizoma). (Its shape is also similar.) Its fruit is called Diaohumi (Eleocharis Edulis Seed), which can serve as grain during years of famine.
Also known as Ziying. It softens hardness and dissipates goiters (thyroid enlargement).
Sweet, cold, and salty in nature. It dissipates goiters and accumulations. (Salty flavor can soften hardness.) It treats stuffiness and vexation in the throat caused by excessive heat. Chen Cangqi stated: Excessive consumption causes abdominal pain, disturbs qi movement, and leads to vomiting of white foam. Drinking a small amount of hot vinegar will resolve these symptoms.
Moistens and transforms phlegm.
Sweet, cold, and salty in nature. It clears stubborn, hard phlegm-heat and dissipates goiters and accumulations. (Zhang Jingyue said: Heat-phlegm can be cleared, damp-phlegm can be dried, hard-phlegm can be softened, and stubborn phlegm can be dissipated. It can be added to decoctions or pills.) It treats heat-induced vexation and nourishes yin qi.
Clears heat.
Sweet, salty, very cold, and slippery in nature. It removes floating heat from the upper jiao but may induce deficiency-cold in the lower jiao. Its shape resembles coral, appearing in red and white colors, with fine teeth on its branches. One variety is slightly thicker and resembles chicken claws, called Jijiaocai, which has a better taste. (Guangdong Xinyu states: Shihua grows in the sea ports of Yazhou; it is harvested in March, otherwise it turns into stone.)
Clears heat and dissipates goiters.
Sweet, cold, and slightly salty. It clears heat, dissipates goiters, and promotes urination. (Zhang Hua's Bowuzhi mentions a type of "Shifa" that seems to refer to this, sharing the same name as the "Shifa" found in Shi Yi.) The above belong to the category of aquatic vegetables.
Treats hemorrhoids.
Sweet, neutral, with slight toxicity. It benefits the five zang organs, unifies the intestines and stomach, treats the five types of hemorrhoids, and addresses all blood disorders. Those growing on ancient locust trees or mulberry trees are superior; those on Torreya trees are secondary.
Di'er (Wood Ear Mushroom) is sweet and cold, benefiting the eyes. Shi'er (Rock Ear Mushroom) is sweet and neutral, benefiting the eyes and essence.
Breaks blood and treats wind.
Sweet and neutral. It breaks blood stasis and expels wind. Songxun (Pine Mushroom) treats uncontrollable turbid urine.