解酲止渴。辛甘可以醒脾。快膈和中。畅达颇能理气。为果馔之足供。非药石之所
采。（金橘皮甘酸而平。辛香不燥。可供果馔之需。用以解酲止渴颇佳。即食之亦能下气快
膈。不过亦总非治病之物耳。）
味属甘酸行血分。可散可升。性专温热达肝家。止酲止痢。（杨梅水果也。甘酸可口
。解酲止渴。固所宜然。但多食之。即觉气升上壅。易致头汗鼻衄。其为热性可知。能治痢
者。亦升散之意也。行血活血。亦意中事耳。）
（李时珍曰。谷者。民之所赖以生者也。周官有五谷九谷之名。诗人有八谷百谷之咏。
谷之类可谓繁矣。然五方之气不同。九州之产各异。若不辨其五色之异宜。五味之良毒。岂
可终日食之。而不知其气味损益乎。）
\r山药\pq105a1.bmp\r
清肺脾之余热。论出前贤。治风气与虚劳。方由金匮。（山药一名薯蓣。虽处处皆有。亦以
怀产者为胜。色白。味甘。性平。略带苦涩。入脾肺两经。能养胃健脾。益肺阴。固肾脱。
凡脾虚泄泻。肺虚咳嗽。肾虚遗滑等证。皆可用之。不寒不燥。为补虚羸之药品。但性偏腻
涩。如脾虚湿胜之人。则不可用。山药之能入肾者。因其味涩。涩可固脱。止泄泻遗滑等证
。故类及于肾耳。毕竟非肾之正药也。）
Relieves drunkenness and quenches thirst. The pungent and sweet flavors can awaken the Spleen. Relaxes the chest and harmonizes the Middle Jiao. Its ability to promote the smooth flow of Qi is considerable. It is a sufficient provision for fruit cuisine, but not an object of medicinal collection. (Golden tangerine peel is sweet, sour, and neutral in nature. Its pungent fragrance is not drying. It can meet the needs of fruit cuisine. It is excellent for relieving drunkenness and quenching thirst. Even eating it can descend Qi and relax the diaphragm. However, it is ultimately not a substance for treating diseases.)
The flavor belongs to sweet and sour, acting in the Blood level. It can disperse and ascend. Its nature is specifically warm and hot, reaching the Liver. It relieves drunkenness and stops dysentery. (Yangmei is a fruit. It is sweet, sour, and palatable. Relieving drunkenness and quenching thirst is indeed appropriate. However, excessive consumption causes Qi to rise and become obstructed, easily leading to head sweating and epistaxis. Its hot nature can be known from this. The reason it can treat dysentery is also due to its ascending and dispersing intent. Moving blood and invigorating blood are also within expectation.)
(Li Shizhen said: Grains are what the people rely on for life. The *Rites of Zhou* has names for five grains and nine grains. Poets have odes for eight grains and a hundred grains. The categories of grains can be said to be numerous. However, the Qi of the five directions differs, and the products of the nine provinces vary. If one does not distinguish their suitability according to the five colors, and the good or toxic nature of the five flavors, how can one eat them all day without knowing their benefits and harms?)
Chinese Yam
Clears residual heat from the Lungs and Spleen; this discussion comes from former sages. Treats Wind disorders and Consumption; the formulas originate from the *Jin Gui Yao Lue*. (Chinese Yam, also known as *Shuyu*, grows everywhere, but those produced in Huaiqing are superior. It is white in color, sweet in taste, and neutral in nature, with a slight bitter-astringent aftertaste. It enters the Spleen and Lung meridians. It can nourish the Stomach and strengthen the Spleen, benefit Lung Yin, and secure Kidney essence against leakage. For conditions such as Spleen deficiency diarrhea, Lung deficiency cough, and Kidney deficiency spermatorrhea or slippery discharge, it can be used. It is neither cold nor drying, making it a medicinal material for tonifying weakness and emaciation. However, its nature tends to be cloying and astringent; thus, it should not be used for individuals with Spleen deficiency and dampness excess. The reason Chinese Yam can enter the Kidney is because its taste is astringent; astringency can secure leakage and treat conditions like diarrhea and spermatorrhea. Therefore, it is classified under the Kidney. After all, it is not the primary herb for the Kidney.)