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(Foshougan / Bergamot Fruit) Acrid, bitter, and sour in flavor, warm in nature. Enters the Lung and Spleen meridians. Regulates Qi and stops vomiting; strengthens the Spleen to treat pain in the heart region caused by phlegm-fluid and Qi stagnation. The roots and leaves share the same efficacy.

(Xiangyuan / Citron) Sweet and astringent in flavor, neutral in nature. Kills parasites and resolves accumulation. However, excessive consumption draws fire into the Lungs and injures the Large Intestine.

(Baiguo / Ginkgo Seed) Sweet, astringent, and slightly bitter in flavor. Raw consumption descends turbid phlegm and kills parasites; cooked consumption consolidates Lung Qi and benefits Qi, stabilizing asthma, reducing urination, and stopping leukorrhea and turbid discharge. However, it causes Qi stagnation and induces childhood malnutrition (Gan syndrome). If children consume too many Ginkgo seeds, they may vomit saliva and become unconscious. In such emergencies, decocting dried salted fish heads (Baixiantou) and administering the soup can resolve the toxicity.

(Ganlan / Olive) Sweet, astringent, and sour in flavor, neutral in nature. Clears the Lungs, stimulates appetite, directs Qi downward, benefits the throat, generates fluids, awakens from intoxication, detoxifies, and treats fish bones stuck in the throat. The pits have the same therapeutic indications as the fruit. The kernels are sweet and neutral, moistening dryness.

(Li / Pear) Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature. Moistens the Lungs, calms the Heart, clears heat, stops coughing, consolidates Lung Qi, promotes urination and bowel movements, and stops rhinorrhea and lacrimation.

(Ou / Lotus Root) Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature. Enters the Lung meridian to direct Qi downward; treats malaria, dysentery, carbuncles, and sores.

(Baihe / Lily Bulb) Sweet and acrid in flavor, slightly warm in nature. Moistens the Lungs and removes dryness, promotes urination, consolidates the Large Intestine, and treats Lung flaccidity with cough and counterflow Qi.

(Beimu / Fritillaria) See the entry under Kidney.

(Donggua / Winter Melon) Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature. Moistens the Lungs, relieves summerheat, and stops thirst.

(Canyong / Silkworm Pupa) Salty and acrid in flavor, neutral in nature. Its aroma and flavor are light and floating. Enters the Lung, Liver, and Stomach meridians. Dispels wind and transforms phlegm, dissipates nodules, and unblocks meridians; can restrain the Ministerial Fire. Treats phlegm due to Qi counterflow and stagnation, and diseases caused by Wind-Heat. Silkworm pupae also treat wind, reduce fever, expel roundworms, and cure childhood Gan disease. Those bitten by dogs should avoid consuming them for life.

(Wubeizi / Chinese Gall) Sour, astringent, and salty in flavor, cold in nature. Consolidates Lung Qi, descends fire, generates fluids, transforms phlegm, stops bleeding, and conserves sweat. Treats diarrhea, dysentery, and hematochezia; clears heat toxins. Its astringent and consolidating power is more rapid than that of Longgu (Fossilized Bones) and Muli (Oyster Shell). Fermented and formed into cakes, it is called Baiyaojian (Pentaphylla Chinensis Cake); its functions are identical. It is particularly suitable for treating phlegm-cough and warm febrile diseases affecting the Upper Jiao Heart and Lungs.

(Qianniuzi / Morning Glory Seed) Acrid in flavor, hot in nature. Belongs to Fire and excels at entering the Lung meridian. Drains damp-heat from the Qi level, reaches the Right Kidney Mingmen (Gate of Life), travels through the spermatic channels, unblocks depression in the Lower Jiao, and treats Wind constipation and Qi constipation of the Large Intestine. Promotes urination and bowel movements, drives out water and transforms phlegm, kills parasites, and treats swelling and fullness. There are black and white varieties; the black variety acts rapidly and is named Heichou (Black Morning Glory Seed).

(Shanglu / Phytolacca Radix) Acrid and bitter in flavor, extremely cold in nature. Its action is urgent and potent. Directs Qi downward, breaks stagnation, moves water in the Bladder, eliminates acute water-Qi in the Lungs, unblocks meridians, and promotes bowel movements. There are sweet and bitter varieties; the sweet variety has a milder effect.

(Tian Nanxing / Arisaema Rhizome) See the entry under Liver attacking methods.