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[Bai Mi Fan Cao] Sweet and neutral in nature, it moistens dryness and tonifies the Lung, harmonizes the middle jiao and benefits the Stomach. It treats hematemesis and coughing, and can be decocted into a paste for use.

[Yu Mi Ke (Poppy Shell)] Sour and astringent, neutral in nature, it astringes the Lung, binds the intestines, and secures the Kidney. It is suitable for treating bone diseases; however, its astringent action is too tight and may easily cause stagnation. Yu Mi (Opium Poppy) is sweet and cold in nature, moistens dryness, and treats retrograde vomiting. Opium is sour and astringent, warm in nature, stops diarrhea and dysentery, and secures essence and qi.

[Xing Ren - General Category] Sweet and warm in nature, it moistens the Heart and Lungs, supplements qi and stops bleeding, dispels wind, and is effective in penetrating various types of smallpox lesions, traumatic injuries, and sores that do not scab due to dampness.

[Ju Hong / Chen Pi Category] Sweet, warm, and aromatic in nature, it moistens Lung dryness, opens the appetite, disperses water qi, dispels various winds, and treats deficiency-type constipation.

[Zi Su Ye Category] Pungent and warm in nature, it promotes qi circulation, regulates the Spleen and Lung, benefits the chest and diaphragm, and assists in ascending Stomach qi.

[Xiang Fu / Mu Xiang Category] Pungent, warm, and aromatic with a penetrating quality, it enters the Spleen and Lung upwards and connects to the Bladder and Kidneys downwards. It can disperse pathogenic rebellious qi in the chest and abdomen. Any disease related to qi stagnation can be treated; when qi flows smoothly, wind dissipates, and when qi is regulated, blood harmonizes. Therefore, it also treats wind-induced sores and various diseases in cats and dogs.

[Wu Wei Zi / Wu Mei Category] Bitter, warm, and sour-astringent, it drains qi and reduces phlegm, astringes the Lung and binds the intestines. Raw use clears Metal and moves qi, while cooked use warms the Stomach and secures the intestines.

[See Gan He] Harmonizes with the Liver channel.

[See Gan He] Harmonizes with the Liver channel.

[Ku Xing Ren (Bitter Apricot Kernel)] Pungent, bitter, and warm in nature, it purges the Lung and descends qi, moves phlegm and releases the muscle layer, dispels wind and cold, moistens dryness, resolves Lung depression, benefits rebellious qi in the chest and diaphragm, unblocks constipation due to large intestine qi stagnation, treats upper jiao wind-dryness, kills parasites, and eliminates accumulation from dog meat and flour. Use peeled and cored kernels ground into powder. For releasing the exterior, grind with peel and core. Kernels with two embryos are toxic and can cause death. Ba Da Xing Ren (Badam/Almond) is sweet, neutral, and moist in nature, stops cough and descends qi, and relieves mental and abdominal fullness/rebellious sensation. Tian Xing Ren (Sweet Apricot Kernel) is not used in medicine. Apricot fruit is sour, hot, slightly toxic, and damaging to the human body.

[Bai Mei (White Plum)] Sour, astringent, and warm in nature, enters the Blood aspect of the Spleen and Lung, binds the intestines, astringes the Lung, stops bleeding, generates fluids, quenches thirst, calms roundworms, induces vomiting of phlegm, and detoxifies. Bai Mei Yan (Salted Plum) is sour, astringent, salty, and neutral in nature, with similar functions, additionally treating phlegm-syncope, throat obstruction, trismus, and applied externally for carbuncles and arrow wounds. Excessive consumption causes tooth pain, which is resolved by chewing walnut meat.

[See Gan He] Harmonizes with the Liver channel.

[Guang Pi / Chen Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel)] Pungent, bitter, and warm in nature, enters the Qi aspect of the Spleen and Lung. It can disperse and harmonize, dry and drain, promote qi circulation, regulate the middle jiao, reduce phlegm, clear the diaphragm, and unblock the Five Zang organs, governing various diseases. When used in harmonizing formulas, retain the white pith; when used in resolving/stagnation-dispersing formulas, remove the white pith. Also known as Ju Hong. It additionally dispels cold and releases the exterior. Produced widely, the best is named Guang Pi. Aged ones are superior, named Chen Pi. Huazhou Chen Pi has an overly harsh draining effect and should not be used lightly. The flesh of the tangerine generates phlegm and gathers fluid retention.