Library

**Yubo**, sour in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. It treats lightening the body, benefiting qi, and relieving thirst. Also known as **Yusui**. It grows on rocks, resembling a pine tree, 5-6 cun high, with purple flowers. The stems and leaves are used. (Chen Cangqi states) The current **Shisong** (Lycopodium clavatum, Ground Pine) grows on rocks, 1-2 chi high. Mountain people soak its rhizomes and roots in wine to dispel wind and blood stasis, treating wind itching. It is speculated that "Laobo" should be the character "Bai" (Cypress), an error in transcription.

**Wenshi**, sweet in flavor. It treats cold-heat alternating and mental restlessness. Also known as **Shushi**. It grows in the mountains and marshes of Dongjun; the part underwater presents five colors, has juice, and is moist and lustrous.

**Manzhushi**, sweet in flavor. It tonifies the qi of the five zang organs, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Also known as **Yanjing**. It appears on rocks in June and July, appearing cyan-yellow, and glows at night.

**Shancishi**, bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It treats leukorrhea in women. Also known as **Aizi**. It grows on the sunny side of mountains, sprouting in the first lunar month; the leaves resemble *Veratrum nigrum* (Caowu), and the stems have a bark-like covering.

**Shiru**, treats brightening the eyes, benefiting essence and qi, preventing hunger and thirst, lightening the body, and prolonging life. Also known as **Shijie** (Chen Cangqi states). It grows in the shade of rocks, resembling moss on eaves. It unfolds upon rain, hence the name Shiru. In early spring it is verdant, opening four leaves at the tip. Mountain people call it Shijie. Its nature is cold; it brightens the eyes and prevents hunger and thirst.

**Shiyun**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. It treats eye pain, strangury, cold-heat, and hematemesis/hemoptysis. Also known as **Shilie**, also known as **Guihui**. The stems and leaves are harvested in the third and fifth lunar months and dried in the shade. (*Erya* states) Guo Pu's commentary says: also known as Shiyun.

**Shiju**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. It treats thirst and Xiao Zhong syndrome (diabetes-like symptoms).

**Lushi**, sweet and sour in flavor, non-toxic. It treats heart and abdominal pain, stops sweating, promotes tissue regeneration, treats alcohol-induced skin lesions, benefits qi, enhances cold tolerance, and solidifies the marrow. Also known as **Lingshi**. It grows on grassy rocks; it remains dry when it rains but becomes moist when the sun comes out. The flowers are yellow, the stems red-black, and it fruits once every three years; the fruit is red like hemp seeds. The stems and leaves are harvested in the fifth and tenth lunar months and dried in the shade.

**Kuangshi**, sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It benefits qi, nourishes the spirit, clears heat, and relieves thirst. It grows in Jiangnan, resembling Shi Cao.

**Baishi**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. It treats thirst and Bi syndrome (obstruction/pain).

**Yedi** (pronounced 'zhi'), sweet in flavor, non-toxic. It treats blindness, stops pain, clears heat, and dispels wind itching (Tao Hongjing states). The current Xili Shi (fine whetstone) produced in Linping... (The *Shu Ben Zhu* states). Currently classified here in the herbal category, it is likely not Xili Shi.

**Jinjing**, bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It treats internal bleeding from metal wounds. Also known as **Ye Jincao**. It grows in high places in marshes.

**Xiatai**, sweet in flavor. It treats hundred diseases and rescues collapsed qi (Tao Hongjing states). This herb is so miraculous yet unrecognized and unused today, which is regrettable.

**Chaizi**, bitter in flavor. It treats lower abdominal pain, unblocks the lower abdomen, breaks up accumulations, and promotes muscle growth. Long-term use lightens the body and prolongs life. It grows in Yuanju; harvested in February and July.

**Guimu**, sour in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It brightens the eyes. Also known as **Laigan**. The fruit is red like Wuwei Zi (Schisandra chinensis). Harvested in October (Tao Hongjing states). Common people now call it Baicaozzi or Guimu. These are similar species (Chen Cangqi states). Also known as Paifeng, also known as Baimu. *Erya* says Fu Guimu; commentary notes: leaves resemble Pueraria lobata (Ge), fruits resemble ears, red in color.

**Guigai**, sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It treats childhood cold-heat epilepsy. Also known as **Digai**. It grows clustered under walls, sprouting in the morning and dying by evening (Tao Hongjing states). Also known as Chaosheng, suspected to be the current Guisan (Coprinus comatus, Ink Cap mushroom) (Chen Cangqi states). Guigai is named Guiwu, growing like fungi in damp/shady places; the cap is black, the stem red. Mixed with vinegar and applied, it treats swelling/toxins, horse spine swelling, and human severe sores. Du Zhenglun states: Guisan gathers in manure piles after summer rain and turns black upon exposure to sun. This substance has slight toxicity.

**Madian**, sweet in flavor, toxic. Treats edema; should not be consumed in excess.

**Mantang**, sweet in flavor, cold in nature. It regulates the middle jiao, brightens the eyes, and improves hearing. Also known as **Yangma**, also known as **Yangsu**. It grows in low/wet areas; the stem has nodes and roots. Harvested in May (Chen Cangqi states). It grows in abandoned rice fields in southern lands; each node takes root in the soil, resembling *Axonopus compressus* (Knotgrass). It can be fed to horses. It is said horses eat it like sugar, hence the name Mantang. Decocted juice brightens the eyes and moistens the lungs. *Erya* states: Mantang is Ma Fan (horse feed).

**Mafeng**, pungent in flavor, non-toxic. Treats tinea/parasitic skin diseases.

**Niusheshi**, salty in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. It lightens the body and benefits qi. Also known as **Tuanshi**. It grows beside water/marshes. The fruit is large, leaves are one chi long. Harvested in May (Chen Cangqi states). People in the east now call the large-leaved aquatic plant with cow-ear-shaped leaves "Niu'er Cai".

**Yangru**, sweet in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. It treats dizziness/headache, benefits qi, and promotes muscle growth. Also known as **Dihuang**. Harvested in March. After Lixia (Start of Summer), the mother plant dies (Chen Cangqi states). Yangru's root resembles *Capsella bursa-pastoris* (Shepherd's purse) but is round, fist-sized, with horn-like joints; cut open, it exudes white juice. People take the root as Shepherd's purse. Harvest seedlings in March for Man Zhe. Also known as **Niluo**.

**Luliang**, salty in flavor, foul odor. It treats childhood convulsions/epilepsy, Ben Tun syndrome (running piglet), and spasms in adults. Harvested in May.

**Tuzao**, sour in flavor, non-toxic. It lightens the body and benefits qi. Grows in the hills of Danyang, about one chi high. Fruit resembles dates.

**Quemei**, sour in flavor, cold in nature, toxic. It corrodes malignant ulcers. Also known as **Qianque**. Grows in sea-water rocky valleys (Tao Hongjing states). Leaves and fruit resemble *Prunus mume* (Meizi).

**Queqiao**, salty in flavor. Benefits qi and brightens the eyes. Also known as **Qumu**, also known as **Gengshengsheng**. Grows among Isatis indigotica (Lancao); leaves are fine/yellow, stems red/thorny. Fruits mature in April (pronounced 'rui'), yellow with black centers. Harvested in May, dried in shade.

**Jinie**, sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Brightens the eyes, treats wind-cold in eyes and various deficiencies, water/fluid accumulation in abdomen, expels evil qi, tonifies and stops diarrhea/dysentery, treats leukorrhea in women. Also known as **Yinluo**. Grows in Jishan; harvest anytime.

**Xiangwu**, bitter in flavor. Treats impotence. Also known as **Wukui**. Resembles *Orchidaceae*, red stem, grows on sunny slopes. Harvested on the 15th day of the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.

**Shuer**, sour in flavor, non-toxic. Treats Bi syndrome, cold-heat, and cough. Also known as **Wuxinsheng**. Grows in low/wet fields; leaves are dense/fat, stems thick.

**Sheshe**, sour in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Expels retained blood, fright qi, and snake epilepsy. Grows on the sunny side of large waters. Flowers harvested in April, roots in August.

**Longchangcao**, salty in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Lightens the body, benefits yin qi, treats Bi syndrome/cold-dampness. Grows by river water, resembling Long Dong (likely a specific herb), evergreen in winter and summer.

**Liloucao**, salty in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Benefits strength, increases fertility, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Grows in Changshan; fruits harvested in July/August.

**Shenhucuo**, allows solitary defense; repels bandits who dare not enter. Grows north of Changshan; harvested in August (Tao Hongjing states). This is also a miraculous herb; locals there likely still recognize and use it.

**Huhucuo**, non-toxic. Treats Bi syndrome, benefits qi, stimulates appetite. Grows in Longxi.

**Wutangcao**, sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Lightens the body, benefits qi, and prolongs life. Grows in old rice fields, glowing day and night. Contains paste/resin within the herb.

**Tianxiongcao**, sweet in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Benefits qi and treats impotence. Grows in mountains/marshes, resembling orchids; fruit like soybeans, red.

**Quheyicao**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Lightens the body, benefits qi, washes rotten sores, treats Feng Shui (wind-water edema). Also known as **Baiqi**. Sprouts in spring, flowers in autumn, black fruits in winter.

**Mugancao**, treats severe heat abscesses; decoct and wash. Grows among trees; sprouts in March, large leaves resembling *Sium sisarum* (Shechu), arranged in fours. Cuttings root easily. Flowers in May, white, red pits. Harvested on the 3rd day of the 3rd lunar month.

**Yijuecao**, pungent and warm in flavor, non-toxic. Treats cough/counterflow qi and lung injury. Grows in mountain shade; root resembles *Asarum* (Xixin).

**Jiushucuo**, sweet and warm in flavor, non-toxic. Induces sweating, stops diarrhea, treats chest oppression. Also known as **Wusu**, also known as **Quesu**. Grows in households; leaves resemble jujube, ripens nine times a year. Harvested in July (Tao Hongjing states). Not seen currently.

**Duicao**, sour and neutral in flavor, non-toxic. Lightens the body, benefits qi, and prolongs life. Climbs over plants; leaves yellow/hairy, grows in winter.

**Suancuo**, lightens the body and prolongs life. Grows on famous springs (Liquan), in shady spots. Stem has five leaves, cyan/lustrous; roots red-yellow, can dissolve jade. Also known as **Chuancao** (Tao Hongjing states). Li Yun says it is the current *Rumex acetosa* (Suanji) spreading on the ground, found everywhere, but likely incorrect.

**Yicao**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats flaccidity/Bi syndrome, cold-heat, removes dark spots. Grows on fences; leaves resemble Malva, stems have horn-like projections, white juice.

**Guancuo Ye**, treats abscesses. Also known as **Shugan Ye**. Leaves smooth, cyan-white.

**(Qi)cao**, pungent in flavor, non-toxic. Treats metal wounds.

**Shencao**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats severe Bi swelling. Grows in mountains/marshes, resembling *Typha* pollen; leaves resemble mustard greens.

**Leacao**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats blood stasis, stops seminal emission, regulates excessive qi. Also known as **Heicao**. Grows in valleys, resembling *Trichosanthes kirilowii* (Gualou) (Tao Hongjing states). Suspected to be confused with Xuncao due to similar characters; Gualou is distinct.

**Yingcaohua**, pungent and neutral in flavor, non-toxic. Treats Bi qi, strengthens yin, treats facial fatigue/abscesses, relieves vexation, strengthens bones/tendons, treats head issues. Can be used for hair washing. Climbs trees. Also known as **Luying**. Harvested in September, dried in shade.

**Wkuaihua**, salty in flavor, non-toxic. Regulates insufficient heart qi.

**Fenghua**, sweet in flavor, toxic. Treats scabies, nourishes muscle, removes necrotic tissue. Harvested on the Day of Summer Solstice.

**(Tadian Qie)hua**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats rebellious qi, relieves vexation, strengthens bones/tendons.

**(Fei)hua**, bitter in flavor. Treats water retention, removes red parasites, improves complexion; do not use long-term. Harvested only when sprouting in spring (Chen Cangqi states). **(Fei)** tree resembles fir, fruit resembles betel nut; edible, fattening. Treats hemorrhoids, kills parasites. Spring flowers match *Ben Jing*. *Ben Jing* insect section mentions "Bi Zi Su"; commentary says "Bi" should have wood radical. *Erya* says Bi is also named Fei. Tao Fu repeats this in the fruit section; this is its flower.

**Jiehua**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats internal injury, flaccidity/Bi syndrome, overflow swelling. Bark treats spleen guest heat qi. Also known as **Shanjie**, also known as **Dajie**, also known as **Tongqi**. Harvested in October, sun-dried.

**Xuli**, benefits qi, lightens body, prolongs life. Grows in Tai Mountain shade; resembles plum but smaller, green fruit, pitless. Eaten when ripe.

**Xinzhi Mu**, bitter, fragrant, warm in nature, non-toxic. Treats wind-dizziness/headache; can be used for hair washing. Harvested in July, dried in shade. Fruit resembles peach.

**Hexin Mu**, pungent and neutral in flavor, non-toxic. Relieves mental restlessness, stops sore pain. Grows in Liaodong.

**Paipu Mu**, sweet and neutral in flavor, non-toxic. Treats shortness of breath, relieves vexation. Grows in hills/valleys; leaves resemble *Malus asiatica* (Nai), red fruit with three pits.

**Suiyang Mu**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Benefits qi. Grows in mountains, leaves resemble Populus alba (Baiyang). Fruits in March, ripe in October, red, edible.

**Xuemu He**, sweet and cold in flavor, non-toxic. Treats fluid retention under ribs, uneven stomach qi, clears heat. Resembles *Prunus persica* kernel (Ru He). Harvested in May, dried in shade.

**Mu He**, treats intestinal disorders.

**Hua**, treats deficiency.

**Zi**, treats internal injury.

**Gen**, treats rebellious qi in heart/abdomen, stops thirst. Harvested in October.

**(Sun) He**, bitter in flavor. Treats body/facial abscesses. Harvested in May.

**Di Pi**, bitter in flavor. Stops thirst, removes white parasites, benefits qi. Grows in Jiangnan, resembling pine needles but with distinct thorns. Fruit red-yellow. Harvested in October.

**Sang Jing Shi**, sour and warm in flavor, non-toxic. Treats postpartum disorders, lightens body, benefits qi. Also known as **Caowang**. Leaves resemble Perilla, square stems, large leaves. Grows in gardens. Harvested in October.

**Manyin Shi**, sour and neutral in flavor, non-toxic. Benefits qi, clears heat, stops thirst, promotes urination, lightens body, prolongs life. Grows in deep valleys/gardens; stems resemble mustard, small leaves, cherry-sized fruit. Ripens in July.

**Keju Shi**, sweet and warm in flavor, non-toxic. Lightens body, benefits qi, brightens eyes. Also known as **Changshou**. Grows on mountain paths; spikes resemble wheat, leaves resemble mugwort. Harvested in May.

**Rang Shi**, sour in flavor. Treats throat obstruction (Hou Bi), stops dysentery. Harvested in October, dried in shade.

**Hui Shi**, pungent in flavor. Brightens eyes, tonifies middle jiao.

**Gen Jing Zhong Ti**, treats cold/heat sweating from Shang Han, facial swelling from wind-stroke, thirst/heat zhong, expels water. Grows in Lu Shan flat marshes (Chen Cangqi states). Harvested in May. Pungent/aromatic, brightens eyes, rectifies qi. This is Hui of Lan Hui.

**Qingci**, bitter in flavor. Treats malignant sores, bald/decayed sores, fire qi, kills three parasites. Also known as **Chongsun**, also known as **Mengtui**. Grows in Fang Shan valleys.

**Baibei**, bitter and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats cold-heat; washes scabies/malignant sores. Grows on hills; root resembles *Campsis grandiflora* (Ziwei), leaves resemble swallow tail. Harvest anytime.

**Bainunchang**, pungent and warm in nature, non-toxic. Treats dysentery/intestinal dripping, treats heart pain, breaks hernia masses. Grows in deep valleys; leaves resemble Isatis, red fruit. Chi Nanchang is similar.

**Baishan Gen**, bitter and cold in nature, non-toxic. Treats malaria, skin cold-heat sweating, alters constitution.

**Baiji**, pungent and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats hidden parasites, white tinea/swelling. Grows in valleys, resembling *Veratrum*, white connected roots. Harvested in September.

**Bai Bing**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats lung cough/rebellious qi, circulates five zang qi, prevents diseases. Also known as **Yuxiao**, also known as **Jianhan**. Leaves resemble small bamboo, roots yellow-skinned/white. Grows on hills. Roots harvested in March/April, sun-dried.

**Baixin**, pungent in flavor, toxic. Treats cold-heat. Also known as **Tuowei**, also known as **Yangcao**. Grows in Chu mountains. Roots harvested in March, white and fragrant.

**Baichang**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats ingestion of various parasites. Also known as **Shuichang**, also known as **Shuisu**, also known as **Jingpu**. Harvested in October (Chen Cangqi states). Baichang is current Xisun. Also known as Changyang. Grows by water; also called Changpu, distinct from Shishang Changpu. Large and smelly is Shuichangpu; roots are pure white, remove lice.

**Chiju**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats abdominal pain. Also known as **Yangyi**, also known as **Lingke**. Grows in mountain shade. Flowers open (pronounced 'rui') in February on vines. Black fruit with pit in May. Leaves harvested on 3rd day of 3rd lunar month, dried in shade.

**Chinie**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats Zhu disease, metrorrhagia, stops bleeding, benefits qi. Grows in wet/shady rocks in Shu commandery. Harvest anytime.

**Huangshu**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats mental restlessness, stops sweating. Sprouts resembling Paulownia roots.

**Xuhuang**, pungent and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats heart/abdominal masses. Stems treat malignant sores. Grows in marshes; large stems, thin leaves, fragrant like *Ligusticum* (Gaoben).

**Huangbaizhi**, grows on hills. Roots harvested in March/April, sun-dried.

**Zilan**, salty in flavor, non-toxic. Eliminates meat poisoning.

**Ziji**, salty in flavor. Treats wind toxin, head discharge. Also known as **Yekui**. Grows below high hills. Roots harvested on 3rd day of 3rd lunar month, resembling Aconitum (Wutou).

**Tianliao**, pungent in flavor, toxic. Treats malignant sores, removes Bi qi. Also known as **Shilong**, grows in water (Chen Cangqi states). Current Shuihong, also known as Youlong, also known as Daliao.

**Dizhen**, bitter and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats heart qi, female yin hernia/blood stasis. Also known as **Chengye**, also known as **Yeguang**. Harvested in March (Chen Cangqi states). Dizhen is also known as Dijin, also known as **Jijin**. Leaves glossy/clean, shiny under dew; climbing, rooting at nodes.

**Diqin**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats childhood epilepsy, expels evil/nourishes fetus, wind-Bi/chills/cold-heat, corneal opacity in eyes, leukorrhea. Grows in rotting wood/grass, resembling Chaosheng; umbrella-like cap after rain, yellow-white. Harvested in April.

**Dijin**, sweet and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Benefits qi, stops thirst, clears heat, acts on umbilicus, relaxes tendons. Also known as **Guan Gen**, also known as **Tujin**. Grows in marshes, hairy roots. Sprouts in March, white fruits in April. Roots harvested on 3rd day of 3rd lunar month (Tao Hongjing states). Suspected to be Bai Mao (Imperata cylindrica) with slight differences (Chen Cangqi states). Dijin resembles Dihuang; roots/leaves similar but finer/hairier. Grows in marshes, functions same as Dihuang. Li Yong's formula uses it.

**Di'er**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Brightens eyes, benefits qi, aids fertility. Grows on hills, resembling bi-green stone.

**Tuchi**, sweet and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Lightens body, benefits qi, prolongs life. Grows in mountain soil, resembling horse teeth.

**Yanchi**, treats childhood epilepsy/cold-heat. Harvested on 5th day of 5th lunar month.

**Suan'e**, treats malignant sores, removes white parasites. Grows by water, resembling Alisma orientale (Zexie).

**Suanzhe**, sour in flavor. Treats internal leakage/stopping bleeding, deficiency. Grows in Changyang Mountain. Harvest anytime.

**Baji**, bitter in flavor, toxic. Treats malignant scabies, expels worms. Also known as **Numu**. Grows on high land; white thorny leaves, roots connecting dozens of pieces.

**Bazhu**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats cold/stopping bleeding, leukorrhea with parasites yang.

**Shuge**, bitter and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats cold-heat/flaccidity/Bi, leukorrhea, abscesses. Grows on sunny slopes, resembling reed mushrooms with thorns.

**Leigen**, relaxes tendons to stop pain (Chen Cangqi states). Seedlings resemble beans. *Erya* says She Hu Lei; commentary: Jiangdong calls it vine resembling Pueraria but hollow/large, possibly bean. Pods hairy, also known as Juhuang Qiansui.

**Maogen**, salty and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats Bi/heat zhong, trauma/fractures. Grows in mountain valley shade, climbing plants; thorny stems, pepper-like fruit (Chen Cangqi states). Character Qian (茜) from West is similar to Miao; writing error made it Miao. This is Qian.

**Shenguogen**, bitter in flavor, toxic. Treats rat bites/fistula. Also known as **Bailian**, also known as **Wuliao**, also known as **Shujing**, also known as **Lupu**. Grows in clusters of >100 roots; roots wrap stems. Roots harvested on 3rd day of 3rd lunar month.

**Huangbian**, sweet and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats heart/abdominal hernia/masses, mouth sores, umbilical wounds. Also known as **Jingbian**.

**Liangda**, treats toothache, stops thirst, lightens body. Grows on mountains, creeping, size like sesame, slippery/small.

**Duilu**, bitter and cold in nature, non-toxic. Treats stubborn scabies/sores, revives dead tissue, clears major heat; decoct and wash. Harvested in August, resembling An.

**Fenlan**, bitter in flavor. Treats body itch sores, white alopecia, lacquer dermatitis; wash. Grows in Fangling.

**Wei Yi** (Wei pronounced 'wei', Yi pronounced 'yi'), sweet and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats thirst, shortness of breath, enhances cold tolerance. Grows in home gardens; large branches, long whiskers, many leaves paired oppositely, seeds like mustard.

**Mabo**, sour in flavor, non-toxic. Benefits qi, induces sweating. Also known as **Junju**, also known as **Yancao**, also known as **Daozhi**, also known as **Zisi**. Grows in plains, resembling orchid leaves, dark/black wrapped in white, red-black stems/fruits. Roots harvested in September.

**Wangming**, bitter in flavor. Treats body heat/evil qi; bath children with body heat. Grows in valleys. Also known as **Wangcao**.

**Leibi**, sour and warm in nature, non-toxic. Treats flaccidity/Bi. Also known as **Leichongsheng**. Grows in high fields; leaves resemble *Codonopsis* (Tianmingjing), beautiful roots. Harvested in May (*Shu Ben* states). Can be decocted for washing.

**Shixi**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats abscesses/malignant sores; decoct and wash. Also known as **Chenyao**, also known as **Chengu**, also known as **Guiba**. Grows in plains/marshes. Harvested in August.

**Zhuzhe**, kills rats, benefits qi, brightens eyes. Also known as **Baihe**, dense fruit. Grows among trees, yellow stems. Black soybean-like fruits in July (Tao Hongjing states). Du Zhong Zi is also named Zhuzhe.

**Bingku**, treats cough/rebellious qi, benefits lung qi, calms five zang. Also known as **(Huo) Xun**, also known as **Yujing**. Harvested in March, dried in shade.

**Fubigen**, pungent in flavor, toxic. Apply hot compress to abscesses/bloating. Also known as **Gaoyu**, also known as **Zizao**.

**Suogan**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats ear issues. Also known as **Maer**.

**Jing Jing**, treats burns/erosion. Harvested in Aug/Oct, dried in shade (Chen Cangqi states). Current Jing tree. Juice dyes fabric; washes burns/heat blisters effectively.

**Gui** (Li), grows on rocks. (Nuhe Qie) day softens for hair washing.

**Zhufu**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Stops pain, removes blood.

**Mi'e**, sour in flavor, non-toxic. Treats liver evil qi. Also known as **Dufeng**.

**Tangyi**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats fractures.

**Zhizhang**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats hernia.

**Di Song** (Di), pungent in flavor, non-toxic. Treats dizziness/Bi.

**Hejian**, sour in flavor. Treats knot qi abscess in throat/neck. Grows in sea. Harvested in Aug/Sep.

**Quyu**, pungent in flavor, non-toxic. Treats heart/abdominal heat itching (*Shu Ben* writes Long).

**Sanye**, pungent in flavor. Treats cold-heat, snake/beetle stings. Also known as **Qimo** (*Shu Ben*), also known as **Fuyu**, also known as **Sanshi**, also known as **Dangtian**. Grows in fields; small black/white stems, 3 chi high, black roots. Harvested in March, dried in shade.

**Wumuma**, bitter in flavor, toxic. Treats flaccidity/incontinence, dysentery. Also known as **Luma**, also known as **Guize Ma**, also known as **Tianma**, also known as **Ruoyicao** (*Shu Ben*). No character [missing]. Grows in fields. Harvested in May.

**Jiepafu**, pungent and warm in nature, non-toxic. Lightens body, treats Bi. Harvested in May, dried in shade.

**Changlizhisheng** (*Shu Ben*: Chang Gengzhisheng), bitter and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Brightens eyes. Fruity/spiky, large like rice grains.

**Jiushe Renzhe**, sweet in flavor, toxic. Treats hernia/Bi, unblocks qi, various deficiencies. Grows in homes/palaces. Harvested in May/Oct, sun-dried.

**Dinggongji**, sweet in flavor. Treats metal wound pain, prolongs life. Also known as **Dingfu**. Grows between rocks, climbing trees; fine leaves, red large branches, mother stem size of gravel, yellow with juice. Harvested on 7th day of 7th lunar month (Chen Cangqi states). Dinggongji is Dinggong Teng.

**Chengli Chizhu**, pungent and neutral in nature. Treats women leukorrhea/bleeding, vaginal erosion, damp-Bi, evil qi; tonifies middle, benefits qi. Grows in Jin Pingyang.

**Chengdong Fumu**, salty and warm in nature. Treats heart/abdominal pain, stops dysentery/pus-blood (Chen Cangqi states). Chengdong Fumu is current ancient tree in earth, also known as **Dizhi**, treats heart/abdominal pain, ghost qi. "Chengdong" implies using earth from east wall. Du Zhenglun's formula: ancient city pillar wood decoction treats difficult labor; this is its category.

**Jie**, bitter and cold in nature, non-toxic. Treats thirst, stops bleeding, women's diseases, removes Bi. Also known as **Liye**, resembling Daqing.

**Zai**, sour in flavor, non-toxic. Treats all evil qi.

**Qing**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats cough.

**(Huwa Qie)**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Benefits qi, prolongs life.