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Huaiye (Sophorae Fructus Immaturus Leaf) is non-toxic and grows through planting.
Huaihua (Sophorae Fructus Immaturus) primarily treats five types of hemorrhoids (Wuzhi, five kinds of hemorrhoidal diseases), heart pain, red eyes, kills intestinal parasites and heat pathogens, treats skin wind pathogens, as well as Changfeng bleeding (intestinal wind-induced bleeding), and bloody or white dysentery. ○ Huaye (Sophorae Fructus Immaturus Leaf) is neutral in nature and non-toxic; decocted in water, it treats pediatric convulsions (Xingxian), high fever, scabies, tinea, and carbuncles; the bark and stems can be used together. (Recorded by Famous Physicians) [Origin] 《Yanyi Shuo》 states that it is the material currently used by dyers. During harvest, unopened flowers are broken off, boiled for one boil, removed into a cauldron where thick yellow sediment settles at the bottom. This sediment is filtered and formed into cakes, resulting in more vivid dye colors. [Origin] 《Tujing Shuo》 states it grows in the plains and marshes of Henan and is now found everywhere. [Seasonality] [Growth] Leaves emerge in April and May. [Harvest] Flowers are collected in July. [Storage] Sun-dried. [Usage] Unopened flower buds are best. [Color] Bluish-yellow. [Taste] Bitter. [Nature] Neutral and draining. [Qi and Flavor] Strong aroma and flavor, Yin in nature. [Odor] Fishy. [Primary Action] Cools blood. [Processing] Remove branches and stems, stir-fry before use. [Treatment] [Efficacy] 《Tujing Shuo》 states that aged Huahua ground into powder and taken orally stops lower gastrointestinal bleeding; 《Yanyi Shuo》 states it stops Changfeng heat-induced bloody diarrhea. [Combined Treatment] Huahua burned to ash, finely ground, mixed with wine, and taken before meals (2 qianbi dose) treats continuous uterine bleeding (Louxiexue) in women.

Huaijiao (Sophorae Tree Gum) treats all phlegm generated by wind transformation, liver wind causing muscle spasms and jerking, acute mouth locking (Jikou), inability to control limbs, stubborn bi-syndrome, toxic wind causing sensations like insects crawling over the body, or facial paralysis and stiff waist/spine due to traumatic wind. It can be made into decoctions, powders, pills, or煎剂 (decoctions with additives), mixed with various herbs. It can also be boiled in water, mixed with other medicines to form pills or added to decoctions. (Recorded by Famous Physicians ○ Note: Huaijiao is the sap of the Sophora tree. Due to the intense summer heat, the sap exudes from the branches, condenses externally, becoming thick and sticky like gum, hence the name Huaijiao.) [Origin] 《Tujing Shuo》 states it is available everywhere. [Seasonality] [Growth] No fixed time. [Harvest] Gum is collected in May and June. [Storage] Stored in porcelain vessels. [Usage] Resin/Gum. [Color] Dark brown. [Processing] Boiled in water, then ground fine before use.

Non-toxic, grows in clumps.
Gouqi (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) treats evil qi in the five zang organs, heat in the middle jiao causing thirst, generalized bi-syndrome. Long-term use strengthens sinews and bones, lightens the body, and prevents aging. (The above text in red characters is from *Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Wind, dampness, qi stagnation in the lower chest and hypochondrium, external heat causing headache, tonifies internal injuries and severe fatigue/labored breathing, strengthens sinews and bones, nourishes Yin, promotes urination and bowel movements, tolerates cold and heat. (The above text in black characters is recorded by Famous Physicians). [Names] Gouji, Difuxi, Queshu, Dixianmiao, Gou, Kuqi, Tuolu, Xianrenzhang, Xiwangmuzhang. [Fruit] Yangru, Tianjing, Quelao. [Sprouts] 《Tujing Shuo》 states that sprouts emerge in spring; leaves resemble pomegranate leaves but are softer and thinner. Stems are three to five chi tall, growing in clumps. Small red-purple flowers appear in June and July, followed by fruit formation. The fruit is slightly elongated, resembling a date pit. Shen Cunzhong stated that Gouqi in Shaanxi grows one to two zhang long, several cun in circumference, without thorns. Its root bark resembles Magnolia bark, sweet and delicious, differing from other regions. The fruits resemble cherries with very few seeds. People generally believe Gouqi is similar to Gouji; those with long, thornless fruits are true Gouqi, while round, thorny ones are Gouji. 《Yanyi Shuo》 states that for Gouqi, the stem bark should be used; for Diguxu (Lycii Cortex), the root bark should be used; for Gouqizi (Lycii Fructus), the red fruit should be used. Although they come from the same plant, they have three uses. The fruit is slightly cold, the stem bark is cold, and the root bark is greatly cold, representing three levels of temperature. Mencius referred to "the nature being like willow and boxwood," implying that later scholars unnecessarily distinguished them, calling some Gouji, which is forcing names upon things. All boxwoods have thorns; even large ones forming trellises have thorns, though fewer than small ones. This is similar to sour jujube and brambles; their fruits are essentially the same. [Origin] 《Tujing Shuo》 states it grows in the plains, marshes, hills, and banks of Changshan and is now found everywhere. [Authentic Origin] Fruits from Ganzhou and Maozhou in Shaanxi are superior. [Seasonality] [Growth] Sprouts emerge in spring. [Harvest] Leaves harvested in spring, stems and fruits in autumn. [Storage] Dried in shade. [Usage] Leaves, stems, and fruits. [Texture] Leaves resemble pomegranate leaves, soft and thin. [Color] Green. [Taste] Bitter. [Fruit] Sweet. [Nature] Cold. [Fruit] Slightly cold. [Qi and Flavor] Thin Qi, strong flavor, Yin in nature. [Odor] Rotten. [Incompatibility] Adverse with milk and cheese. [Primary Action] Strengthens Yin and benefits essence. [Treatment] [Efficacy] 《Yaoxing Lun》 states that leaves crushed and juiced applied to the eyes remove wind obstruction, red membranes, and blurred vision/pain; 《Rihua Zi》 states sprouts relieve irritability, remove wind from skin and joints, clear heat toxins, and dissipate swelling; 《Shiliao》 states leaves remove wind and deficiency-fatigue. [Tonification] Tao Hongjing states it tonifies essence and qi, strengthening sexual function; 《Yaoxing Lun》 states fruits and leaves benefit essence and address various deficiencies, improve complexion, brighten eyes, calm the spirit, and promote longevity; 《Rihua Zi》 states sprouts benefit willpower, tonify five labors and seven injuries, and strengthen heart qi; 《Shiliao》 states leaves strengthen sinews and promote anti-aging. [Combined Treatment] Leaves cooked with mutton as soup greatly benefit humans, remove wind, and brighten eyes. If thirsty, boil leaves as a drink to replace tea. ○ Insect nests on leaves dried in sun, ground into powder, mixed with dried Rehmannia root to form pills, benefits Yang and assists essence. ○ Five sheng of fruits soaked in two dou of good wine for seven days, strained, and drunk starting with two or three he, then freely consumed, tonifies deficiency, increases muscle mass, improves complexion and health, removes labor-heat; named Gouqizi Wine. ○ Half jin of chopped leaves combined with two he of japonica rice, cooked with soybean paste juice and roots into porridge, seasoned with five-flavor powder and green onion, treats five labors, seven injuries, and sexual weakness. [Detoxification] Decoction of juice resolves fever, various toxins, irritability, and clears heat-related dough toxicity.