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Juemingzi (Cassiae Semen), grows in the marshes of Longmen River, and is now found everywhere. It is cultivated in household gardens. In early summer, seedlings emerge, reaching a height of about three to four chi, with purple-tinged roots; the leaves resemble those of alfalfa but are larger; flowers appear in July, yellowish-white in color; the seeds grow in spikes, resembling green mung beans but sharper. Harvested on the 10th day of the tenth lunar month, dried in shade for one hundred days. According to *Erya*: "[Text missing], medicinal herb." The explanation states: Medicinal herb, which is Juemingzi. Guo Pu's annotation says: "Leaves are yellow and pointed, red flowers, fruits resemble Cornus officinalis (Shanzhuyu)." In Guanxi, it is called "[Text missing]," which differs significantly from this variety. There is another variety called Mahui Juemingzi (Horseshoe Cassia), whose leaves resemble Agropyron cristatum (Jiangdu) and are shaped like horseshoes, hence the name. Additionally, Qihaozi (Seeds of Artemisia argyi) is also referred to as Caojuemingzi (Grass Cassia), but it is uncertain which one is used for medicinal purposes. However, current physicians only use the seeds that resemble mung beans. As for Shijueming (Haliotidis Concha), it belongs to the bivalve mollusk category and should be classified in the Animal and Mineral section.

Xiongxiong (Ligusticum sinense Rhizome), grows in the western ridge of Xigu Valley in Wugong Mountain. Miwu is the seedling of Xiongxiong. It grows in the marshes of Yongzhou and Yuanju, and is now also found in the mountains of Guan-Shaanxi, Shuchuan, and Jiangdong, with those from Shuchuan being considered superior. Its seedlings emerge in April and May. The leaves resemble those of celery, coriander, and Cnidium monnieri (Shechuangzi), growing in clumps with slender stems. *Huainanzi* states: "Things that confuse people are like Xiongxiong versus Gaoben (Ligusticum chuanxiong), or Shechuangzi versus Miwu." Its leaves have a doubled fragrance; if planted in courtyards, the fragrance fills the paths. People in Jiangdong and Shuchuan harvest its leaves to make aromatic drinks, claiming they can stop diarrhea. White flowers bloom in July and August. The root is hard, thin, and yellowish-black. Harvested in March and April, then sun-dried. Another view holds: Harvesting in September and October is best; March and April are not the appropriate times. Those produced in Guanzhong are commonly known as Jingxiong (Capital Ligusticum), widely used and highly valued. Those that are heavy, solid, and shaped like sparrow brains are called Que nao xiong (Sparrow Brain Ligusticum), which has the strongest efficacy. Miwu is also named Qi (an ancient character for Qin, pronounced ju jin). In ancient prescriptions, Xiongxiong was used alone, chewed and held in the mouth, to treat dental diseases. In recent times, some mix it with honey to form pills the size of fingers, taken before sleep, which is particularly effective for treating wind-phlegm.