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Miqiu (Angelica sinensis var. tangii), has been recorded in detail under the entry for Xiongqi (Ligusticum chuanxiong).

Xuduan (Dipsacus asper), grows in the valleys of Changshan. It is now also found in Shaanxi, Hezhong, Xingyuan Prefecture, Shuzhou, Yuezhou, and Jinzhou. Seedlings emerge after March; the stems are quadrangular, resembling Boehmeria nivea (ramie); the leaves are similar, growing opposite each other; flowers bloom in April, reddish-white in color, resembling those of Leonurus japonicus (motherwort); the roots resemble Cirsium japonicum (Japanese thistle), with a reddish-yellow hue. Harvested in July and August. According to the *Fang Wang Fang* (Prescriptions of Fang Wang): Xuduan is actually Ma Ji (Cirsium setosum), which resembles Xiao Ji (Cirsium setosum var. integrifolium), but is larger. The leaves resemble Pao Weng Cai (possibly *Sonchus* species) but are smaller and thicker, with spines on both sides that prick humans. Its flowers are purple, similar to those produced in Yuezhou currently. However, the medicinal materials sold in markets come in several varieties, few of whom can distinguish their quality. Physicians use it, identifying authentic material by its segmented joints and wrinkled, yellowish bark.

Yunshi (Caesalpinia decapetala), grows in the river valleys of Hejian. It reaches a height of five or six chi. The leaves are like those of Sophora japonica (Chinese pagoda tree) but narrower and longer, with thorns on the branches. The seedling is named Chou Cao (Stinking Grass), also known as Yang Shi Zi Cao. The flowers are yellowish-white; the fruits are the size of sesame seeds, yellowish-black, commonly known as Ma Dou (Horse Beans). Harvested in October and dried in the sun for use. Currently, seedlings are harvested in March and April; fruits are harvested in May and June, falling off and withering if left past season. It is frequently used in prescriptions for treating malaria.

Xu Changqing (Cynanchum auriculatum), grows in the rocky valleys of Mount Tai and Longxi. It is now also found between Zizhou, Qizhou, the Huai River, and the Si River. Green seedlings emerge in March; the leaves resemble small mulberry leaves, growing opposite each other, with a glossy sheen; fruits appear in July and August, resembling Metaplexis japonica (milk vine) but smaller; the seedlings turn yellow in September and wither in October. The roots are yellowish, resembling Asarum heterotropoides (wild ginger) but slightly thicker and longer, with a fishy odor. Harvested in March and April, also known as Bie Xian Zong.

Du Ruo (Pollia japonica), grows in the wetlands of Wuling and Yuanju. It is now abundant in the Jianghu region. The leaves resemble ginger; the flowers are reddish; the root resembles Alpinia officinarum (Galangal) but has a milder pungent taste. The seeds resemble Amomum tsao-ko (Tsao-ko). The roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun for use. Note: This herb is also known as Du Heng. There is already an entry for Du Heng in the Middle Grade herbs. Du Heng is referred to as Tu Lu in the *Erya*. Du Ruo is referred to as Chu Heng in the *Guangya*. Their categories are distinct, yet ancients often confused and cited them interchangeably. The *Nine Songs* states: "Gathering fragrant islets, O Du Ruo." And the *Li Sao* states: "Mixing Du Heng with fragrant angelica." Wang Yi and others did not distinguish between them, merely calling them fragrant herbs. Ancient prescriptions sometimes used it, but modern practitioners rarely do, so few people recognize it today.