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Dried Lacquer (Ganqi) and Raw Lacquer (Shengqi) are produced in the valleys of Hanzhong. Currently, they are found in Shu, Han, Jin, Xia, Xiang, and She prefectures. The tree is two to three zhang high, with white bark, leaves resembling those of Toona sinensis (Chun), flowers similar to those of Sophora japonica (Huai), fruits like "Niu Li" (a type of plum), and a yellow heartwood. In June and July, bamboo tubes are nailed into the trunk to collect it. Cui Bao in *Gu Jin Zhu* states: "Using a sharp axe to split the bark, and receiving the dripping sap with a bamboo tube, which then solidifies into lacquer." Dried lacquer was formerly said to be that which naturally dried in lacquer buckets, resembling a honeycomb with separated pores. Nowadays, the dried lacquer from within bamboo tubes is mostly used, with those black as ink and hard as ironstone being considered the best. Lacquer leaf for medicinal use is recorded in the *Biography of Hua Tuo*. Fan A of Pengcheng served under Hua Tuo in his youth and sought methods for ingestion and health preservation. Hua Tuo taught him the formula for Qiyе Qingzhan San (Lacquer Leaf and Qingzhan Powder), stating that taking it removes intestinal parasites, benefits the five Zang organs, lightens the body, supplements Qi, and prevents hair whitening. Fan A followed this advice and lived to be over 500 years old (Note: This is likely an exaggeration or legendary account; historical records often cite over 100 years). Lacquer leaves are available everywhere. Qingzhan grows in Fengpei, Pengcheng, and Zhaoge. It is also known as Chengjie and Huangzhi. It primarily regulates the five Zang organs and enriches Essence and Qi. This originally came from people who were lost in the mountains and saw immortals consuming it, who then told Hua Tuo. Hua Tuo thought it excellent and informed Fan A. Fan A kept it secret. Recently, people saw Fan A's longevity and vigorous strength, were surprised, and asked what he consumed. Due to drunken confusion, Fan A accidentally revealed it, and many people tried it with good results. Since then, no one has recognized Qingzhan. Some say it is the true leaf of Polygonatum sibiricum (Huangjing). Immortal formulas also contain a method of consuming pure lacquer alone, which is passed down.

Vitex Fruit (Manjingzi) was not previously recorded regarding its origin. Currently, it is abundant near the capital and in Qin, Long, Ming, and Yue prefectures. The stem is four chi high, with branches growing opposite at nodes; in early spring, it sprouts from old branches, with leaves resembling small Melia azedarach (Lian); by summer, it becomes lush; it bears pale red spike-like flowers with yellow-white stamens and green calyxes below the flowers; by autumn, it bears fruit, which is spotted black, about the size of a Sophora seed but light and hollow. It is harvested in August and September. Another theory suggests it grows as a vine, hence the name Manjing (Vine Chaste Tree). However, the current specimens are not vines.