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Sanghua (Mulberry Flower), see details under the entry for Sanggen Baipi (Cortex Mori).

Baiji (White Thorn), refers to the thorns of the Zhi tree. It is produced in Yongzhou. The flowers of the Zhi tree grow by the roadside and are now found everywhere near the capital. Zhi is a small jujube tree; it grows in clumps three or four chi high, and its flowers, leaves, stems, and fruits resemble those of the jujube tree, but there are red and white varieties. Su Gong stated: The stem of Baiji is white as powder; its fruits and leaves are the same as those of Chiji (Red Thorn). Chiji occasionally contains Baiji, which is considered rare. However, there are two types of thorns: straight and hooked. Straight thorns are suitable for tonifying prescriptions; hooked thorns are used for prescriptions treating carbuncles and swellings. There is no fixed time for collection. Flowers are collected 120 days after the Winter Solstice; fruits are collected in April. Additionally, Jiaozhen (Jujube Thorns) can treat obstruction of the throat (Houbi) and are also used in medicinal formulas. Chen Zi'ang wrote in "Guan Yu Pian": When I was in Zhangye Commandery, someone passed off Xianrenzhang (Immortal Staff) as Baiji, and all travelers believed it. These two substances are completely dissimilar; it is unknown why such confusion arose. This explanation is detailed under the entry for Gouqi (Lycium Fruit).

Jicihua (Thorn Flower), see details under the entry for Baiji.

Longnaoxiang (Borneol), originates from Bolu Guo (Balut). Currently, it is only traded by foreign merchants arriving on ships from the South Sea. It is said that this tree is seven or eight zhang high and six or seven wei in circumference, resembling old cedar wood, with branches growing from the sides. The leaves are perfectly round with white undersides, and the fruit resembles cardamom. The bark is cracked. The fragrance is the resin within the wood, similar to white pine resin, emitting an odor like cedar. The paste is the clear fluid from the roots, also called Polv Gao (Balut Paste). Duan Chengshi, in "Youyang Zazu," stated: This tree has fat and lean varieties. The lean variety produces Longnaoxiang, with the fragrance located in the heart of the wood. Persians cut the wood to harvest it. The fat variety produces Polv Gao, which flows from the top of the tree; trees are cut and hollowed out to collect it. The two accounts are largely similar with minor differences. It is also said that this tree exists in the mountains of the South Sea. During the Tianbao era of the Tang Dynasty, Jiaozhi presented tribute of Longnaoxiang, shaped like cicadas and silkworms. Locals stated that it is found only at the nodes of old roots, making it extremely rare. At that time, it was called Ruilongnao (Auspicious Dragon Brain) in the palace; when worn on the lapel, its fragrance could be detected more than ten paces away. Since then, such quality has not been heard of again. Current Longnao from Hainan is often processed into pieces using fire, allowing for adulteration. For medicinal use, natural raw material is prized; shapes resembling plum blossom petals are considered excellent.