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[Shizhuyu (Edible Zanthoxylum)]
Old materia medica texts do not record its place of origin. It is said that its functions are the same as those of Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus). Some say it is the variety of Zhuyu (Corni Fructus) with larger granules, which turns yellowish-black after long storage and is edible. It is now found in both northern and southern regions. The tree is very tall and robust, some reaching a height of one hundred chi; branches and stems are greenish-yellow with small white spots on them; leaves resemble those of Sesamum indicum (Sesame), and flowers are yellow. People in Shu call its fruit "Aizi," which is likely a phonetic corruption of "Xi" mentioned in the *Book of Rites* (*Liji*). It is suitable for adding to soups and stews to impart a pungent fragrance, but should not be consumed in excess, as excessive intake may irritate the eyes and cause hair loss. It can be harvested at any time.

[Sanggen Baipi (Cortex Mori)]
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* does not specify its place of origin; it is now found everywhere. It can be harvested at any time. Roots exposed to air upon excavation should not be used; roots growing eastward are considered superior. Some claim that the white inner bark of the trunk is also usable. Upon initial harvesting, remove the rough outer bark using a copper knife, take the inner white part, slice it, and dry it by baking. Do not scrape off the greenish mucilage within the bark, as the medicinal efficacy resides primarily in this layer. It is incompatible with iron and lead; avoid contact with these metals. Sangye (Mori Folium) is best when harvested from regrowth in summer and autumn, or after frost. Decoctions prepared from it for washing hands and feet are highly effective for treating wind-bi syndrome. Sang'er (Fomes Officinalis on Mulberry), also known as Sanghuang, includes varieties that turn white after ripening from yellow, as well as golden ones; all are usable. Crushed and decocted in wine, it treats leukorrhea. Its fruit, called Shen (Mulberry Fruit), comes in white and black varieties. Dried by sun exposure, both treat premature graying of hair and white tinea versicolor on the skin. Sanghua (Mulberry Flower), resembling Marchantia polymorpha (liverwort), is scraped off with a knife, dried by stir-frying, and used to stop epistaxis and hematemesis. Ash from burned mulberry twigs, obtained by leaching with water, is also frequently used by physicians. Sangshang Duchong (Borer of Mulberry Twig) treats sudden heart pain and insufficient granulation tissue in traumatic wounds. The white latex within the bark treats aphthous stomatitis in infants; applying it leads to quick healing. It is also applied to lacerations caused by metal blades; drying and pain cease, and bleeding stops shortly thereafter. Wrapping the wound with peeled white bark allows the juice to penetrate the lesion, which is beneficial. Using root bark in winter is also effective. White bark processed into thread can be used to suture evisceration from traumatic wounds, followed by application of hot chicken blood. In the Tang Dynasty, An Jinzang used this method to heal his self-inflicted abdominal wound. Sangjian (Mulberry Branch Decoction) is recorded in *Jin Xiao Fang*. It states that Sangjian treats edema/qi stagnation, rebellious lung qi, hong kong jiao (gouty arthritis/foot swelling), carbuncles, and wind-pathogens. Take two liang of mulberry twigs and six liang of large stalks, cut finely like beans, add one sheng of water, and decoct to obtain three he of liquid. To prepare larger quantities, scale proportionally. First roast until fragrant, then decoct. Take on an empty stomach, either with tea/water or soup/congee, half a da sheng per dose. There are no dietary restrictions. The original formula states that Sangzhi (Muli Ramulus) is neutral, neither cold nor hot, and suitable for long-term use. It treats generalized pruritus due to wind-dryness, foot swelling due to wind-dampness, limb spasms, rebellious qi causing dizziness, lung qi cough, aids digestion, and promotes urination. Long-term consumption lightens the body, sharpens hearing and vision, improves complexion, and treats dry mouth. The *Xian Jing* (Classic of Immortals) states: "No immortal medicine is effective without Sangjian." This is cited from *Baopuzi*. The original formula uses one sheng of Sangzhi, cut finely and roasted until fragrant, added to three sheng of water, decocted to yield two da sheng. Consume entirely within one day, regardless of meal timing. This dosage follows the previous formula. Sangye can be taken regularly. According to the Immortal Dietary Formula, harvest leaves when mulberry trees are lush in April. Also, after frost in October, when two-thirds have fallen but one-third remain on the tree, these are called "Shenxian Ye" (Immortal Leaves). Dry them in the shade as before, grind into powder, and take as pills or powders, or decoct for tea. Dried mulberries mixed with honey are also eaten to enhance intelligence and calm the spirit. Roasted leaves slightly dried and decocted with Sangyi (inner bark) treat dysentery and traumatic injuries. Hemostatic texts praise the miraculous efficacy of mulberry and its extensive utility. The *Erya* states: "Sangbian has zhen (mulberries) and zhi." Guo Pu comments: "Bian means half; half bearing mulberries, half bare, is called zhi." It further states: "Nvsang" and "Chusang" refer to small mulberry trees with long branches in common parlance. "Shansang" wood is suitable for bows and crossbows. Silk from Chusang is excellent for making qin and se instruments; such high-quality timber is rare among other trees.