\r石钟乳\ph9.bmp\r,生少室山谷及泰山,今道州江华县及连、英、韶、阶、峡州山
中皆有之。生岩穴阴
中无雁齿,光明者善。色白微红,采无时。旧说乳有三种∶有石钟乳者,其山纯石,以石津
相滋,状如蝉翼为石乳,石乳性温;有竹乳者,其山多生篁竹,以竹津相滋,乳如竹状,谓
之竹乳,竹乳性平;有茅山之乳者,其山土石相杂,遍生茅草,以茅津相滋,乳色稍黑而滑
润,谓之茅山之乳,茅山之乳,性微寒。凡此三种,尤难识别。而唐·李补阙炼钟乳法云∶
取韶州钟乳,无问浓薄,但令颜色明净光泽者,即堪入炼,惟黄、赤二色不任用。柳宗元与
崔连州论钟乳书亦云∶取其色之美而已,不必惟土之信。是此药所重,惟明白者,不必尽如
上所说数种也。今医家但从鹅管中空者为最。又《本经》中品载殷孽云∶钟乳根也,生赵国
山谷,又生梁山及南海。又云∶孔公孽,殷孽根也,生梁山山谷。又云∶石花、石床并与殷
孽同。陶隐居云∶凡钟乳之类,有三种同一体。从石室上汁溜积久盘结者,为钟乳床,即此
孔公孽也;其以次小 者,为殷孽,今人呼为孔公孽。殷孽复溜轻好者为钟乳,虽同一类,
而疗体为异。苏恭云∶二孽在上,床花在下,陶谓孔公孽为乳床,非也。又有石脑云∶亦钟
乳之类也。凡此五种,今医家稀复用之,但用钟乳耳。又观二孽所出州郡不同,陶云三种同
根,而所出各处,当是随其土地为胜。既云是钟乳同生,则有孽处,皆当有乳,今并不闻有
之,岂用之既寡,则采者亦稀乎?抑时人不知孽中有乳,故不尽采乎?不能尽究也。下品又
有土阴孽,《经》云∶生高山崖上之阴,色白如脂。陶隐居以为钟乳、孔公孽之类。苏恭云∶
即土乳也,出渭州,生平地土窟中。土人云∶服之亦同钟乳,而不发热。又云∶是土之脂液,
状如殷孽,故名之,今亦不见用者。
Shizhongru (Stalactite), growing in the valleys of Mount Shaoshi and Mount Tai, is now also found in the mountains of Jianghua County in Daozhou, as well as in Lianzhou, Yingzhou, Shaozhou, Jiezhou, and Xiazhou. Those growing in the shade of rock caves without "goose-tooth" textures and possessing a bright luster are of superior quality. The color is white with a slight red tint, and it can be harvested at any time. Old texts state there are three types of milk-like minerals: Stone Milk (Shiru) grows on pure stone mountains, nourished by mineral seepage from the rocks; shaped like cicada wings, its nature is warm; Bamboo Milk (Zhuru) grows on mountains abundant in bamboo, nourished by bamboo sap; shaped like bamboo shoots, its nature is neutral; and Maoshan Milk grows on mountains where earth and stone mix with abundant thatch grass, nourished by grass sap; slightly black and smooth in texture, its nature is slightly cold. These three types are particularly difficult to distinguish. Li Buchuo of the Tang Dynasty described a method for refining Stalactite: select Stalactite from Shaozhou, regardless of thickness, provided the color is clear and lustrous, which is suitable for refining; only yellow and reddish varieties are unusable. In his "Letter to Cui, Prefect of Lianzhou on Stalactite," Liu Zongyuan also stated that one should select based on aesthetic color alone, not necessarily relying solely on soil origin. Thus, the key criterion for this medicine is clarity and purity, rather than strictly adhering to the aforementioned categories. Current physicians consider those hollow like goose tubes to be the best. Additionally, the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica), Middle Category, records Yinnie (Yin Nodule): it is the root of Stalactite, growing in the valleys of Zhao State, as well as in Liangshan and Nanhai. It further states: Konggongnie (Konggong Nodule) is the root of Yinnie, growing in the valleys of Liangshan. It also notes: Shihua (Stone Flower) and Shichuang (Stone Bed) are of the same category as Yinnie. Tao Hongjing stated: All Stalactite-related substances belong to one body. The substance formed by long-term accumulation and coagulation of drippings from the ceiling of stone chambers is called Zhongru Chuang (Stalactite Bed), which is the Konggongnie mentioned here; the smaller ones below it are called Yinnie, currently referred to as Konggongnie by people. When Yinnie flows again and becomes light and fine, it transforms into Stalactite. Although they are of the same class, their therapeutic properties differ. Su Gong stated: The two nodules are located above, while beds and flowers are below; Tao Hongjing’s claim that Konggongnie is the milk bed is incorrect. There is also Shinao (Stone Brain), which is also a type of Stalactite. Of these five types, current physicians rarely use them, employing only Stalactite. Observing that the two nodules originate from different prefectures, and considering Tao Hongjing’s assertion that the three share the same root but appear in various places, it seems their quality varies according to local conditions. Since they are said to grow together with Stalactite, wherever nodules exist, Stalactite should also be present; yet such occurrences are rarely heard of today. Is it because low usage leads to scarce harvesting? Or do contemporary practitioners fail to recognize Stalactite within the nodules, thus failing to harvest them fully? This cannot be thoroughly investigated. The Lower Category also includes Tuyinnie (Earth Yin Nodule). The Classic states: it grows in the shaded areas of high mountain cliffs, white in color like fat. Tao Hongjing considered it a type of Stalactite or Konggongnie. Su Gong stated: It is Earth Milk (Turu), produced in Weizhou, growing in earthen caves on flat land. Locals say: taking it has similar effects to Stalactite but does not cause fever. They also add: it is the lipid fluid of the earth, resembling Yinnie in shape, hence the name. It is no longer used today.