涩而补，明目
苦寒，色青，性涩。补肝胆而益肾。以能平木（能除肝热）故治目疾（洗目赤，退翳膜）
惊痫。以其收涩而寒，故治崩带下痢（仲景白头翁汤用之）。以其涩而补下焦，故能益精有
子（时珍曰∶天道贵啬，惟收涩故能补。今人只知治目一节，几于废弃，良为可婉）。出西
土。皮有白点、渍水碧色、书纸不脱者真。大戟为使。恶吴茱萸。
宣，祛风湿
苦温（《经疏》云∶应兼辛）。入血分。祛风、去湿、杀虫，能行经络达病所。治风蹶顽
痹，腰膝疼痛（《传信方》∶海桐、薏苡各二两，芎 、羌活、地骨皮、五加皮各二两，甘
草五钱，生地七两，酒二斗浸，此方不得增减。早、中、晚饮，常令醺醺），疳 疥癣，目
赤（煎洗）牙虫（煎服，或含漱）。出广南。皮白坚韧，作索不烂。
亦名白
补，明目
甘温（《别录》微寒）。入心、肝、脾三经。消风散热，益水生光（三经皆血脏也。血得
其养，则目疾平。凡目病在表，当疏风清热。在里属肾虚、血少、神劳，宜补肾养血安神。
远视为肾水亏，近视为火不足）。
治目赤肿痛， 烂泪出，亦治心腹邪热，结气痰痞（今人惟用疗眼。陈藏器曰∶生治足
睡，熟治不眠）。丛生有刺，实如五味，圆扁有纹，紫赤可食。取仁浸，去皮、尖，研用。
Astringent and tonifying, brightens the eyes.
Bitter and cold in nature, green in color, astringent in property. Tonifies the Liver and Gallbladder and benefits the Kidney. Because it can pacify Wood (i.e., clear Liver heat), it treats eye diseases (such as washing away redness and reducing nebula).
Treats fright convulsions and epilepsy. Because of its astringent and cooling properties, it treats metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, and dysentery (used in Zhang Zhongjing's Baitouweng Decoction). Because it is astringent and tonifies the Lower Jiao, it can benefit essence and aid conception (Li Shizhen said: The Way of Heaven values frugality; only through astringency can one tonify. Nowadays people only know this herb for treating eyes, nearly discarding it, which is truly regrettable). Originates from the Western Regions. The bark has white spots, turns blue-green when soaked in water, and does not bleed on paper; these are authentic. Ephedrae Herba (Daji) acts as a guiding drug. Adversely affected by Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu).
Dispersing, expels wind-dampness.
Bitter and warm in nature (according to *Jingshu*, it should also be acrid). Enters the Blood level. Expels wind, removes dampness, kills parasites, and can circulate through meridians to reach the disease site. Treats wind-jue and stubborn bi-syndrome, pain in the waist and knees (*Chuanxin Fang*: 2 liang of Santalum Album Bark (Haitongpi) and Coicis Semen (Yiyiren), 2 liang each of Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Xiongnu), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo), Cortex Lycii (Digupi), and Acanthopanacis Cortex (Wujiaopi), 5 qian of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), 7 liang of Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdi), soaked in 2 dou of wine. This prescription must not be altered. Drink morning, noon, and evening, keeping slightly intoxicated). Treats childhood malnutrition (gan), scabies, tinea, red eyes (decoct for washing), and dental worms (decoct for drinking or gargling). Originates from Guangnan. The bark is white and tough, does not rot even when made into ropes.
Also known as Bai Rui Ren.
Tonifying, brightens the eyes.
Sweet and warm in nature (*Bencao Beilu* records it as slightly cold). Enters the Heart, Liver, and Spleen meridians. Disperses wind-heat, nourishes Water to generate light (these three meridians are all blood-storage organs. When blood is nourished, eye diseases subside. For eye diseases at the exterior, one should disperse wind and clear heat; for those at the interior belonging to Kidney deficiency, blood deficiency, or mental fatigue, one should tonify the Kidney, nourish blood, and calm the spirit. Blurred vision at a distance indicates Kidney Water deficiency; blurred vision up close indicates insufficient Fire).
Treats red and swollen eyes, eyelid ulceration with tearing, and also treats evil heat in the heart and abdomen, qi stagnation, and phlegm lumps (Nowadays people only use it for eye diseases. Chen Zangqi said: Raw form treats excessive sleepiness; cooked form treats insomnia). Grows in clusters with thorns, fruits resemble Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (Wuweizi), round and flat with patterns, purple-red and edible. Take the kernel, soak it, remove the skin and tip, and grind for use.