泻肝，破气，散积
辛苦而温，色青气烈。入肝胆气分。疏肝泻肺（柴胡疏上焦肝气，青皮平下焦肝气。凡
泻气药，皆云泻肺），破滞削坚，除痰消痞。治肝气郁积，胁痛多怒，久疟结癖（入肝散邪，
入脾除痰，疟家必用之品，故清脾饮以之为君），疟痛乳肿（丹溪曰∶乳房属阳阴，乳头属
厥阴。乳母或因忿怒郁闷，浓味酿积，致厥阴之气不行，故窍不得出。阳明之血腾沸，故热
甚而化脓。亦因其子有滞痰膈热，含乳而睡，嘘气致生结核者，初起便须忍痛揉软，吮令汁
透，自可消散。治法以青皮疏肝滞，石膏清胃热，甘草节行浊血，瓜蒌消肿导毒。或加没药、
橘叶、金银花、蒲公英、皂角刺、当归，佐以少酒，若于肿处灸三五壮尤捷。久则凹陷，名
乳癌，不可治矣）。最能发汗（皮能达皮，辛善发散），有汗及气虚人禁用（陈皮升浮，入脾、
肺治高；青皮沉降，入肝、胆治低。炒之以醋，所谓肝欲散，急食辛以散之，以酸泄之，以
苦降之也）。橘之青而未黄者。醋炒用（古方无用者，宋以后始与陈皮分用）。
润肺，涩肠，宁嗽
甘平性涩（生柿性寒）。脾、肺血分之药。健脾涩汤，润肺宁嗽，而消宿血。治肺痿热
咳，咯血反胃（有人三世病反胃，得一方，柿干同干饭日日食，不饮水，遂愈），肠风痔漏
（肺与大肠相表里，脏清则腑热亦除。《泊宅编》∶柿干烧灰饮，服二钱，治下血）。忌蟹。
柿霜乃其精液。生津化痰，清上焦心、肺之热为尤佳。治咽喉口舌疮痈。
柿蒂止呃逆（古方单用，取其苦温降气。《济生》加丁香、生姜，取其开郁散痰，亦从
治之法。《产宝》云∶产后呃逆、烦乱。柿饼一个，煮汁热饮）。
[Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel)]
Drains the Liver, breaks Qi stagnation, and dissipates accumulations.
Pungent, bitter, and warm in nature; green in color with a strong aroma. Enters the Qi level of the Liver and Gallbladder meridians. Disperses Liver Qi and drains Lung Qi (Chaihu disperses Liver Qi in the Upper Jiao, while Qingpi levels Liver Qi in the Lower Jiao. Generally, Qi-draining herbs are said to drain the Lung), breaks stagnation, reduces hardness, eliminates phlegm, and resolves palpitations. Treats Liver Qi depression and accumulation, hypochondriac pain with irritability, and chronic malaria-related masses (Enters the Liver to disperse pathogens, enters the spleen to eliminate phlegm; it is an essential herb for malaria patients, hence it serves as the chief ingredient in Qingpi Yin). Treats malaria pain and breast swelling (Zhu Danxi stated: The breast belongs to the Yangming meridian, and the nipple belongs to the Jueyin meridian. If a nursing mother suffers from anger or depression, compounded by the accumulation of rich and greasy foods, the Qi of the Jueyin meridian fails to circulate, causing the orifices to be blocked. The blood of the Yangming meridian boils over, leading to severe heat and suppuration. It may also occur because the infant has stagnant phlegm and heat in the diaphragm, sleeps while suckling, and the exhaled heat causes nodules. In the early stage, one must endure the pain, massage until soft, and suckle to ensure milk flow, which will naturally resolve. The treatment method involves using Qingpi to disperse Liver Qi stagnation, Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) to clear Stomach heat, Gancao Jie (Licorice Root with Nodes) to move turbid blood, Gualou (Trichosanthes Fruit) to reduce swelling and guide out toxins. Alternatively, add Moyao (Myrrha), Juye (Tangerine Leaf), Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), Gongyinghua (Taraxaci Herba), Zaojiaoci (Gleditsiae Spina), and Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), assisted by a small amount of wine. Moxibustion of three to five moxa cones on the swollen area is particularly effective. If neglected for a long time, it becomes sunken and is named Ruai (Breast Cancer), which is incurable). It is most capable of inducing sweating (Peels can reach the skin, and pungency excels at dispersing); it is contraindicated in patients with spontaneous sweating and Qi deficiency (Chenpi (Aged Tangerine Peel) is ascending and floating, entering the Spleen and Lung to treat upper disorders; Qingpi is descending and sinking, entering the Liver and Gallbladder to treat lower disorders. Stir-fried with vinegar, adhering to the principle that "the Liver desires dispersion," one should urgently consume pungent substances to disperse it, sour substances to drain it, and bitter substances to descend it). This refers to the peel of the tangerine when it is green and not yet yellow. Use after stir-frying with vinegar (Ancient formulas did not use it separately; it began to be used distinctively from Chenpi after the Song Dynasty).
[Shigan (Dried Persimmon)]
Moistens the Lungs, astringes the Intestines, and calms coughs.
Sweet, neutral in nature, and astringent (Raw persimmons are cold). A herb entering the Blood level of the Spleen and Lungs. Strengthens the Spleen and stops diarrhea, moistens the Lungs and calms coughs, and eliminates old blood stasis. Treats Feiwei (Lung Atrophy) with heat-induced cough, hemoptysis, and regurgitation (There was a case where three generations suffered from regurgitation; they obtained a prescription to eat dried persimmons with dry rice daily without drinking water, and were cured). Treats Changfeng (Intestinal Wind) and hemorrhoids/fistulas (The Lung and Large Intestine are exterior-interior related; when the zang organ is clear, the fu organ's heat is also eliminated. *Bozhai Bian* records: Drinking ash made from burning dried persimmons, two qian per dose, treats bloody stool). Avoid crab.
Shishuang (Persimmon Frost) is its essence. Generates fluids, transforms phlegm, and clears heat in the Upper Jiao Heart and Lungs exceptionally well. Treats sores and abscesses of the throat, mouth, and tongue.
Shidi (Persimmon Calyx) stops hiccups (Used alone in ancient formulas for its bitter-warm property to direct Qi downward. *Jisheng Fang* adds Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos) and Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) to open depression and scatter phlegm, which is also a contrary treatment method. *Chanbao* states: For postpartum hiccups and restlessness, boil one Shibi (Persimmon Cake) and drink the juice hot).