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[Translation of the provided text regarding Citrus Peel and related substances]

**[Harm]** Do not consume if there is no accumulation of parasites. For children with diarrhea caused by summerheat, it is forbidden to use together with astringent and hot medicines such as Myristicae Semen (Rou Dou Kou) and Terminalia Chebulae Fructus (He Zi). After consuming Quisqualis Indica Fruit (Shi Jun Zi), one must also avoid eating hot foods and drinking hot tea; violating this will cause diarrhea.

**[Benefit]** Sweet and warm, enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians. Kills parasites and resolves accumulations, treats the five types of infantile malnutrition (Wu Gan), turbid urine, and dysentery sores. It is an essential medicine in pediatrics.

**[Preparation]** Produced in various prefectures of Lingnan. The peel is harvested in the seventh lunar month, used raw or steamed, or decocted in water for swallowing. Some say it should be taken mixed from seven parts raw and seven parts roasted.

**[Harm]** Dryness consumes blood, dispersing damages Qi. Those with deficient fire should avoid it. It is strictly prohibited for vomiting caused by fire. It should not be used for leukorrhea or uterine bleeding with blood and mucus caused by yin deficiency with blazing fire and blood heat. For carbuncles and sores that have already ulcerated, dosage should be gradually reduced.

**[Benefit]** Pungent and warm, enters the Lung, Spleen, and Large Intestine meridians. Opens orifices and induces sweating, removes dampness and dispels wind. Treats skin dryness and itching, diseases caused by wind-heat; as well as metrorrhagia, amenorrhea, intestinal wind, hemorrhoids, and diseases caused by damp-heat. It is particularly suitable for treating cephalalgia, toothache, tearing eyes, and pain in the supraorbital ridge.

**[Preparation]** Harvest the roots in the second and eighth lunar months and sun-dry them. Those with a yellow hue are superior. Wash, scrape, cut into inch-long segments, mix evenly with Yellow Ocher (Huang Dan), and sun-dry for storage, because they are prone to insect damage and to achieve a white color. For medicinal use, lightly roast and slice. Do not use those growing in clusters of four, known as Sang Gong Teng (Sarcandra glabra stem), nor do not use the root of Kalanchoe pinnata (Ma Lan Gen).

**[Harm]** Same as Maltae Fructus (Mai Ya).

**[Benefit]** Sweet and neutral, astringent in nature, enters the Spleen meridian. Removes irritability and heat, digests food and fluids, unblocks the Large and Small Intestines. Treats enuresis and frequent urination.

**[Preparation]** Cut open, do not let fall into water. Remove undigested food, roast on tiles before adding to prescriptions. Use female plants for males and male plants for females.

**[Harm]** The aroma is pungent and warm, capable of depleting True Qi. For those with deficiency of Middle Qi where Qi does not return to its source, it is contraindicated to use with Qi-depleting medicines. For vomiting due to stomach deficiency with fire, it is unsuitable to use with warm, hot, aromatic, and drying medicines. For cough with phlegm production due to Yin deficiency, it is unsuitable to use with Pinelliae Rhizoma (Ban Xia) and Arisaematis Rhizoma (Nan Xing). Huazhou Chenpi (aged tangerine peel from Huazhou) has too harsh a draining effect and should not be abused.

**[Benefit]** Bitter, pungent, and warm, enters the Lung, Spleen, and Stomach meridians. It is an excellent product for stopping cough, relieving vomiting, clearing phlegm, regulating Qi, and harmonizing the Middle Jiao. Retaining the albedo (white pith) favors tonifying the Stomach; removing the albedo specializes in unblocking and circulating. Huazhou Chenpi: bitterness can drain Qi and dry dampness; pungency can disperse Qi; warmth can harmonize Qi. When combined with Qi-tonifying herbs, it tonifies; when combined with purgatives, it purges; when combined with ascending herbs, it ascends; when combined with descending herbs, it descends. Ju Luo (tangerine network) is pungent and warm, promotes Qi circulation and unblocks collaterals, used as a guiding herb for treating collateral diseases, stir-fried with wine. Ju Hong (red tangerine peel) acts on the exterior via the peel, also treating exterior cold. Tangerine peel is warm; kumquat and pomelo peels are cold.

**[Preparation]** The peel from Xinhui, Guangdong, is the best; aged peel is good, hence the name "Chen Pi" (aged peel). Peel from Fujian is called Jian Pi, with weak efficacy. Peel from Quzhou, Zhejiang, is called Qu Pi, which is even inferior. Removing the albedo yields Ju Hong; for phlegm-cough, soak in child's urine and sun-dry; for phlegm accumulation, mix with ginger juice; for lower Jiao disorders, stir-fry with salt water; or honey-roast. Removing the red peel yields Ju Bai (albedo), used to unblock stagnant Qi, stir-fried with salt water. Huazhou Chenpi is very effective in resolving phlegm, but genuine ones are extremely rare, mostly being pomelo peel. Tangerine peel directs Qi downward and moves phlegm; tangerine flesh generates phlegm and gathers Qi. Though from the same plant, their effects are opposite. Tangerine peel has fine texture, red color, is thin, has many internal fibers, and tastes bitter and pungent. Kumquat peel has coarse texture, thick yellow color, many white membranes inside, and tastes pungent and sweet. Pomelo peel is thickest and hollow, coarser texture, yellow color, many membranes without fibers, tastes mostly sweet with little pungency. Distinguishing them by these features ensures accuracy. Kumquat peel is still usable, while pomelo peel is vastly different.