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Bixiaxian (Portulaca oleracea): Bitter in taste, cold in nature, toxic. Enters the Liver Meridian. Remove soil and roots, chop, and roast. It kills parasites and detoxifies, resolves dysphagia, and breaks up masses. It is used for postpartum metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, traumatic bleeding, and epistaxis. Although toxic, it can detoxify; by removing blood stasis, it generates new blood. However, it is not frequently used in ancient prescriptions. Its alias is Guanzhong (Guanzhong). Is this due to phonetic similarity, or does it possess a chaotic and domineering qi?

Marenchi (Portulaca oleracea): Sour in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Heart and Large Intestine meridians. It clears damp-heat, detoxifies, and disperses blood stasis. Internally taken, it treats dysentery and sores/furuncles; it wards off epidemic pestilence and unblocks joints. Externally applied, it reduces swelling, treats carbuncles, erysipelas (flowing fire), and severe pain from bee stings, providing relief. The Tang Bao empirical formula states: "Harvest Portulaca oleracea on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, dry it, cook it thoroughly on New Year's Day, and eat it with salt and vinegar to resolve epidemic qi." To this day, in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, people still consume Portulaca dim sum during the Spring Festival, called Anle Cai (Peaceful Vegetable). This vegetable clears the intestines and prevents diseases caused by overeating during festivals. For all conditions involving redness, swelling, heat, and pain, squeezing its juice for external application yields good results.

Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma): Sweet in taste, slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Lung and Spleen meridians. Poria cocos (Fuling) serves as the guiding herb. It is incompatible with Veratrum nigrum (Lilu) and fears Trogopterus dung (Wulingzhi). Use after removing the rhizome head (Lu). It tonifies qi, calms the spirit, expels evil, and enhances wisdom. It treats cold pain in the heart and abdomen, relieves chest and hypochondriac fullness and rebellion, stops polydipsia, and breaks hard accumulations. When qi is strong, the stomach opens naturally; when qi is harmonious, food digests easily. Renshen absorbs the mild yang qi and can restore vital qi on the verge of collapse. Sufficient qi ensures mental peace; robust righteous qi expels pathogenic factors. Enhancing wisdom means that strong heart qi leads to good thinking and intelligence. For those with deficient true qi, middle jiao cold causes pain, and chest fullness with rebellious qi occurs; just as spring arrives, cold turns to warmth, and stagnation turns to smoothness. Breaking accumulations and aiding digestion relies on the Spleen obtaining dry and vigorous transportation functions.

However, there are cases where Renshen is unsuitable: Those who record its merits forget its flaws; those who pick at its blemishes discard its virtues. Sometimes it is used too late when indicated, or improperly prescribed when contraindicated. Not benefiting from its advantages but only seeing its harms, good medicines become suspected by the world, and incompetent practitioners argue endlessly, which is regrettable.

Renshen Xu (Ginseng Rootlets): The nature specifically directs downward. Suitable for stomach deficiency with vomiting/rebellion and hemoptysis. Unsuitable for chronic dysentery, spermatorrhea, uterine bleeding, and lower body bleeding.

Renshen Ye (Ginseng Leaf): Generates fluids and can be used as tea.