糯米泔浸，去赤汁用。忌铁。
辛，温，有毒。除腰脚之冷痹，祛心腹之冷气，助阳道而生子，添精髓而通神。聪耳明
目，
开胃消食，最安五脏，尤治虚劳。
生西域，今处处大山中有之。叶似茅，四五月抽茎四五寸，开小花深黄色。其根独茎而
直，
根相附，外皮稍粗褐色，内肉黄白色。二八月采根。
苦，辛，滑，寒，无毒。最消痈肿，甚下骨哽。
丛生下湿处。其根似蒜、薤而长。外有赤皮。冬月生叶似蒜、薤。春初抽茎如葱。茎头
开花
醋煮干，牛乳浸。
苦，辛，热，有毒。疗癞疾风痫，治肉痹拘急。熏虫牙而洗阴汗，止冷痢而收脱肛。安
心定
风，通神见鬼。
苦，酸，无毒。补中益气，祛寒除湿。解黄胆而通经，止风痹而活血。吐衄崩中，便血
诸血
诸伤。
生乔山川谷。二八月采根。今圃人亦作畦种莳。苗蔓生，方茎中空有筋，外有细刺，数
寸一
节，每节五叶，七八月开花。结实如小椒大，中有细子。
辛，温，无毒。散血降火，生肌解毒。消肿痈而解喉痹，除咳嗽而疗损伤。
出原州，夔、施、合州、江西、岭南亦有之。三月生苗叶，四月抽赤茎如壶芦蔓，六月
开白
花，八月结果，九月叶落枝折。根皮赤色，名白药子。
苦，平，无毒。凉血降火，消瘿解毒。
出岭南、夔、峡州郡及明、越、秦、陇山中，以忠州、万州者为胜。今处处人家种之。
茎高
二三尺，柔而有节，似藤，叶大如拳。其根外褐内黄，亦有黄赤色者。
Soak in rice washing water, remove the red juice, and use. Avoid iron.
Pungent, warm, toxic. Eliminates cold bi-syndrome (painful obstruction due to cold) of the waist and legs, dispels cold qi from the heart and abdomen, assists yang function and promotes fertility, replenishes essence and spirit, enhances hearing and vision, opens the stomach and aids digestion, most effectively calms the five zang organs, and is especially effective for treating deficiency consumption.
Native to the Western Regions, now found in large mountains everywhere. Leaves resemble cogon grass; in April and May, stems four to five cun long emerge, bearing small deep-yellow flowers. The root has a single upright stem, with roots adhering to each other; the outer skin is slightly coarse and brownish, while the inner flesh is yellowish-white. Roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months.
Bitter, pungent, slippery, cold, non-toxic. Most effective in resolving carbuncles and swellings, and very useful for expelling bone splinters or fish bones stuck in the throat.
Grows in clusters in damp places. The root resembles garlic or Chinese leek but is longer. It has a reddish outer skin. Leaves resembling garlic or Chinese leek grow in winter. In early spring, stems emerge like scallions, flowering at the tips.
Boil dry with vinegar, or soak in cow's milk.
Bitter, pungent, hot, toxic. Treats leprosy and wind epilepsy, manages muscle bi-syndrome with stiffness and spasm. Fumigate for toothache caused by worms and wash for excessive sweating in the genital area; stop cold dysentery and retract prolapsed rectum. Calms the mind, pacifies wind, clears the spirit, and may induce visions.
Bitter, sour, non-toxic. Tonifies the middle jiao and boosts qi, dispels cold and removes dampness. Resolves jaundice and unblocks meridians, stops wind-bi and invigorates blood. Treats hematemesis, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, hematochezia, various bleeding disorders, and traumatic injuries.
Grows in high mountains and valleys. Roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months. Now also cultivated by gardeners in raised beds. The seedlings climb; the stem is square, hollow, with fibrous veins, covered with fine prickles, jointed every few inches, with five leaves per node. Flowers bloom in July and August. Fruit resembles small peppercorns, containing fine seeds inside.
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Disperses blood stasis, descends fire, generates flesh, and resolves toxicity. Reduces swelling and carbuncles, relieves throat bi, eliminates cough, and treats trauma.
Originates from Yuanzhou; also found in Kuizhou, Shizhou, Hezhou, Jiangxi, and Lingnan. Seedlings and leaves emerge in March; red stems like gourd vines shoot up in April; white flowers bloom in June; fruit forms in August; leaves fall and branches break in September. The root bark is reddish, known as Baiyaobi (White Medicine Root).
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Cools blood, descends fire, resolves goiter, and detoxifies.
Found in Lingnan, Kuizhou, Xiazhou Commandery, and mountains of Mingzhou, Yuezhou, Qinzhou, and Longshan; those from Zhongzhou and Wanzhou are considered superior. Now widely cultivated by households. Stems are two to three chi high, flexible yet jointed, resembling vines; leaves are as large as a fist. Roots are brown externally and yellow internally, sometimes with yellow-red hues.