苦，寒，无毒。解诸毒热疮热肿，治膈噎止血杀虫。
小儿热丹，敷之。（验方第一。）
天行热毒烦躁，新水下。（第二。）
误吞水蛭，水下。（
辛，温，无毒。明目温中。耐风寒而下水气，除 疡而止霍乱。解小儿之头疮，平面上
之浮
蓼类甚多，有青蓼、香蓼、水蓼、马蓼、紫蓼、赤蓼、木蓼。紫、赤二蓼，叶小狭而浓；
青
、香二蓼，叶亦相似而俱薄；马、水二蓼，叶俱阔大，上有黑点；木蓼一名天蓼，蔓生，叶
似柘叶。六蓼花皆红白，子皆大如胡麻，赤黑而尖扁。惟木蓼花黄白，子皮青滑。诸蓼并冬
死，惟香蓼宿根。
甘，苦，无毒。利小便而通淋涩，治霍乱而除黄胆。疗女子之阴蚀，杀小儿之蛔虫。
生东莱山谷，今处处有之。春生布地，蔓延道旁。苗似瞿麦，叶细绿如竹，赤茎，节间
花出
恶疮痂痒痛，捣敷，痂落即愈。（验方第一。）
心头急痛，醋煎通口服。（第二。）
热淋涩痛，常煎服之。（第三。）
热黄胆疾，取汁服之。（第四。）
酒蒸炒去刺。乌头为使。
辛，苦，微温，无毒。补肾益精，祛风明目。治诸风 疡，身体瘙痒之疾，疗诸结症积，
喉
痹乳闭之 。止遗尿泄精，并止溺血带下，解头痛咳逆，并解肺痿奔豚。平痈肿而消阴 ，
医痔漏而杀蛔虫，却吐脓而平燥热，去胸满而治腰痛。有催生坠胎之能，擅长肉生肌之功。
有二种∶一种杜蒺藜，即今道旁布地而生者，开小黄花，结芒刺。一种白蒺藜，出同州沙苑
牧马处，子无刺，今补肾药多用之。而风家惟用刺蒺藜也。
一切积聚，蜜丸酒下。（验方第一。）
心痛吐水，末服。（第二。）
牙动痛，或因打动，五钱为末，浆水半盅，入少盐温漱，甚效，或以根烧灰贴牙，即固
也。（第三。）
齿牙出血动摇，为末常掺。（第四。）
打动牙痛。同上。（第五。）
面上瘢痕，同山栀末醋合，夜敷旦洗。（第六。）
白癜风，每末下二钱。（第七。）
催生下胞，同贝母末服，以下为度。（第八。）
月经不通，同当归末，每三钱。（第九。）
大便风秘，同皂角末服。（第十。）
通身浮肿，煎汤日洗。（十一。）
腰脊引痛，蜜丸酒下。（十二。）
补肝散 蒺藜（捣末）
每服一钱。治三十年失明。（诸方第一。）
不老丹
每末服一钱。发白变黑，绝谷长生。（第二。）
Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Resolves various toxic heat sores and hot swellings; treats dysphagia (esophageal obstruction), stops bleeding, and kills parasites.
For infantile erysipelas (heat carbuncle), apply externally. (Verified Formula No. 1.)
For epidemic heat-toxin causing irritability, take with fresh well water. (No. 2.)
For accidental ingestion of leeches, take with water. (No. 3.)
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Brightens the eyes and warms the middle jiao. Resists wind-cold and directs downward rebellious qi; eliminates ulcers and stops cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea. Treats infantile head sores and reduces facial edema.
There are many types of Polygonum species, including Qingliao (Green Smartweed), Xiangliao (Fragrant Smartweed), Shuiliao (Water Smartweed), Maliao (Horse Smartweed), Ziliao (Purple Smartweed), Chiliao (Red Smartweed), and Muliao (Tree Smartweed). The leaves of Ziliao and Chiliao are small, narrow, and dense; those of Qingliao and Xiangliao are similar but thinner; those of Maliao and Shuiliao are broad and large with black spots; Muliao, also known as Tianliao, is a vine with leaves resembling those of the mulberry relative *Morus alba*. The flowers of these six species are red or white, and their seeds are as large as sesame, reddish-black, pointed, and flat. Only Muliao has yellow-white flowers and green-smooth-skinned seeds. All other smartweeds die in winter, except for Xiangliao which retains its perennial roots.
Sweet, bitter, non-toxic. Promotes urination and relieves strangury (painful/difficult urination); treats cholera-like symptoms and resolves jaundice. Treats female genital erosion and kills pediatric roundworms.
Grows in the valleys of Donglai; now found everywhere. Sprouts in spring, spreading along roadsides. The seedlings resemble *Dianthus superbus* (Qumai), with fine, green, bamboo-like leaves and reddish stems; flowers emerge from the nodes.
For malignant sores with itchy crusts, crush and apply externally; healing occurs when the crust falls off. (Verified Formula No. 1.)
For acute heart pain, decoct with vinegar and take orally. (No. 2.)
For hot strangury with painful urination, decoct and take regularly. (No. 3.)
For hot jaundice disease, take the juice. (No. 4.)
Steamed with wine, stir-fried, and thorns removed. Use *Aconitum carmichaelii* root (Wutou) as an assistant herb.
Pungent, bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic. Tonifies the kidneys and benefits essence; dispels wind and brightens the eyes. Treats various wind-induced ulcers and pruritus; addresses various nodular masses and accumulations; manages throat bi (obstruction) and lactation cessation. Stops enuresis and seminal emission; halts hematuria and leukorrhea; resolves headache and cough/asthma; treats lung abscess (Fei Fei) and running piglet syndrome (Ben Tun). Calms carbuncles and eliminates yin obstructions; treats hemorrhoids and fistulas while killing parasites; expels pus and calms dryness-heat; removes chest fullness and treats lower back pain. Possesses the ability to induce labor and abort fetuses; excels at promoting tissue regeneration.
There are two types: one is Duliji (Wild Jujube Thorn), which grows prostrate on roadsides, bears small yellow flowers, and produces spiny fruits; the other is Baijili (White Tribulus), sourced from Shamuyuan pasture in Tongzhou, whose seeds lack thorns and is commonly used in kidney-tonifying formulas today. However, for wind-diseases, only the spiny Tribulus (Cijili) is used.
For all kinds of accumulations, form pills with honey and take with wine. (Verified Formula No. 1.)
For heart pain with vomiting of water, take as powder. (No. 2.)
For loose teeth and pain, or pain caused by trauma, grind five qian into powder, mix with half a cup of fermented rice water, add a little salt, and rinse warmly; this is very effective. Alternatively, burn the root to ash and apply to the tooth to stabilize it. (No. 3.)
For bleeding and loose teeth, apply powder regularly. (No. 4.)
For toothache caused by trauma. Same as above. (No. 5.)
For facial scars, mix with Gardenia powder and vinegar, apply at night, and wash off in the morning. (No. 6.)
For vitiligo, take two qian of powder. (No. 7.)
To induce labor and expel the placenta, take with *Fritillaria cirrhosa* powder until expelled. (No. 8.)
For amenorrhea, take with *Angelica sinensis* powder, three qian each time. (No. 9.)
For wind-type constipation, take with *Gleditsia sinensis* powder. (No. 10.)
For generalized edema, decoct and wash daily. (No. 11.)
For radiating pain in the waist and spine, form pills with honey and take with wine. (No. 12.)
Bu Gan San (Liver-Nourishing Powder): Tribulus terrestris (crushed to powder).
Take one qian per dose. Treats thirty years of blindness. (General Formulas No. 1.)
Bu Lao Dan (Ageless Elixir):
Take one qian of powder per dose. Turns white hair black, enables fasting, and promotes longevity. (No. 2.)