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Grows between the ridges of fields in Zhejiang, with a single stem growing straight upward. Leaves grow opposite at nodes, resembling an ingot pointing upwards, arranged in three or four layers, or five or six layers. There are two varieties of this herb: one variety has two leaves wrapping the stem, also growing opposite at nodes; the other variety has a single leaf, with the stem piercing through the center of the leaf. For medicinal use, the variety with a single leaf is considered superior. *Baicao Jing* (Mirror of Hundred Herbs) records: Yuanbao Cao grows in yin-shaded soil and is abundant near water sources. Seedlings emerge after the Guyu solar term. The leaves are broad in the middle and pointed at both ends, shaped like a shuttle, piercing the stem and growing straight up, arranged in five to six layers or six to seven layers. Yellow flowers bloom after the Xiaoman solar term. Its nature is cool.

Pungent and cold. *Baicao Jing* records: Nature is cool, nourishes Yin. Treats hematemesis (vomiting blood), epistaxis (nosebleed), traumatic injuries, lumbar sprains and contusions, and carbuncles/toxic swellings.

Also known as Juemei. Leaves resemble those of Rosa multiflora, bearing fruit similar to plum but smaller. *Baicao Jing* states: There is a variety called Shanquemei (Mountain Sparrow Plum), whose branches do not creep or twist; it is a tree that does not bear fruit, and some specimens grow tall and robust.

Note: In *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica), the indications for Juemei only include treating corrosive malignant sores; other functions are not recorded. Here, its efficacy is supplemented. Under the entry for Yuli in *Bencao Gangmu*, citing *Shishu*: "Also named Que Mei." This shares the name but refers to a different substance. It also does not mention treating carbuncles/toxic swellings.

Leaf is sour and cold. Treats ru Yong (acute suppurative mastitis) and bian Du (inflammation of inguinal lymph nodes, etc.), with remarkable efficacy. Purges heat and resolves toxicity.

*Caiyao Shu* (Book on Herb Collection) records: Also known as Tieling Cao. Its natural color is black. The leaf stalks are extremely firm like iron. Its juice is black and can darken beard hair.

Indicated for yangmei chuang (late-stage syphilitic skin lesions), wind-stroke paralysis, and bone/tendon fractures. All should be decocted in wine and taken orally. (Formula from Wang Lianshi.)

Commonly known as Naihaier. Planted by households everywhere. Leaf tips are as large as fingernails, with branching stalks. In summer, it blooms with clusters of small purple flowers and produces small seeds. Nowadays, people plant it in pots. Women pick it during the hot season to insert into their hair to repel greasy and foul odors.

Aromatic properties repel filth and evil qi, remove bad smells. Pungent and warm, harmonizes the Middle Jiao. Stops vomiting and diarrhea caused by cholera-like disorders (huoluan). Promotes Qi circulation and invigorates Blood. For patients with malaria, inserting it into the nostrils can gradually alleviate chills and fever.

The root of Dicentra spectabilis (荷包牡丹) is currently called Hexue Cao (Harmonizing Blood Grass), which is Tu Danggui (Earth Angelica).

Wang Lianshi states: Crush its root and extract the juice, mix with wine, and take orally. It induces intoxication and is a holy medicine for jinchuang (knife and arrow wounds).