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Jiegu Cao (Boneset Herb, *Euphorbia lathyris* or related species) [Also known as Mayi Jiegu, Zijiegu] Appendix: Also called Yu Jiegu.

Yu Jiegu, also known as Xuejianchou, Yuqiancao, Qilincao, Yulianhuan. Its leaves are small and round, and the root resembles that of water celery (*Oenanthe javanica*). It grows in damp and shady places, sprouting at the Start of Summer (*Lixia*). The stem thickens at each node, the leaves are pointed and long, the roots spread out, are white in color with many coarse nodes, resembling bamboo rhizomes. When crushed, the juice is sticky. The plant is about one chi tall; when planted in loose soil, it propagates very easily. The root is used for medicinal purposes. *Baicao Jing* records: Named Yupanlong, also known as Wugu Zhuma. The leaves resemble ramie but are thinner and smaller, with a non-white underside. The stems are like chopsticks in thickness, transparent and bright. By September, the stems become white and crystal-clear, with fine red spots on them. They wither in October; harvesting is suitable in September. Also known as Yugeng Banzhilian. When crushed, it yields a thick, smooth white pulp. The "Explanation of Names" section under the *Shu Ke* entry in *Bencao Gangmu* states: This is Jiegu Cao. Su Gong said: The leaves resemble celery. Kou Zongshi said: The flowers are white, the fruits are green; by October, the fruits turn red and ripe, containing one to two hundred seeds per fruit. Li Shizhen said: Each branch has five leaves. Note: According to *Qunfang Pu*, the flowers are white but the leaves do not match the previous description, while the root does resemble water celery. Nowadays, people crush it to extract juice for healing bone fractures and soft tissue injuries, which is quite effective. It is named Yu Jiegu. It is likely this species, yet *Bencao Gangmu* contains no mention of treating fractures, and the cited morphological descriptions are mostly vague. Therefore, a detailed supplement is provided here.

The nature is cool, the taste is sweet and bland. It enters the Lung Meridian and the Blood level. It treats hematemesis (vomiting blood), intestinal bleeding (hematochezia), lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and traumatic injuries from falls and blows. *Caizao Zhi* records: Jiegu Cao, also known as Yugeng Jinmiao, shaped like bamboo nodes, produced in Guangxi. In Cantonese, this grass grows in clumps, two to three chi high, with large, dense leaves like willow leaves. The stems have nodes, are green and round, with white flowers that open at noon, blooming continuously from March to September. *Qunfang Pu* records: Sijihua (Four-Season Flower), also known as Jiegu Cao. The leaves are slender, the flowers are small and white, blooming from March to September, opening at noon and dropping seeds. Crushed leaves and stems yield juice treatable for traumatic injuries. In September, roots can be split for propagation. *Zhaoqing Zhi* records: Jiegu Cao is produced in Fengchuan Yangjiang, also known as Sijihua, growing in gardens. The stems are green and round, the leaves are finger-length and pointed, the flowers are white. For fractured joints due to trauma, applying crushed paste can reconnect the bones. However, it is not recorded in herbal classics (Li's *Caomi* records: Yang'ercao, also known as Jiegu Cao, grows on walls and cliffs, leaves resemble sheep ears, specifically used for bone setting).

The nature is neutral. It treats fractures, reconnects broken bones, and heals upon application of crushed paste.