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*Baicao Jing* records: This plant grows in the mountains. Its seedlings emerge in the second and third lunar months, commonly known as Ganke (Dry Ke). Within the clump, there is a single stem without leaves, about one chi tall. The stem is slender and strong, greenish-white in color. At the tip of the stem is a knob-like structure. By late autumn, flowers resembling lotus blooms appear on this knob. Its root resembles that of Hemp (*Cannabis sativa*). It is used to treat carbuncles, swelling, toxic sores, and flowing toxicity (toxic pathogens spreading through the body).

*Yongchuang Duanju* records: It is produced in Suining and can subdue snakes. The proverb says: "If you recognize Bajiaolian, you can sleep with snakes." It is used to treat all kinds of venomous snake bites.

Note: Li Shizhen's *Bencao Gangmu* mentions Guibai (Podophyllum emodi), which also treats venomous snake bites. Zheng Qiao stated in *Tongzhi*: "Bajiaopan is exactly Guibai." What people today call Dujiaolian is indeed this plant. Perhaps it was named Bajiaolian due to Cantonese nomenclature practices. This remains uncertain; it is recorded here for future verification.

Wang Lianshi's *Caoyao Fang* records: When Bajiaopan rises with the Morning Star, it is called Jinxing Bajiaolian (Golden Star Octagonal Podophyllum). In its infant stage, it is called Dujiaolian, commonly referred to as Duyi Yizhihua (Single Leaf One Flower). The root resembles Chizhu (Red Atractylodes), with many eye-like markings resembling a horse's eyes; people today call it Mumu Duogong. It eliminates various toxins and has the power to soften hardness and expel pus.

*Yuezhi* records: Luhua (Reineckea carnea) grows in Liaoyong, Panyu. Its shape resembles Calamus (*Acorus calamus*), and its leaf joints have thorns. After the leaves fall, if the root is burned by fire, it becomes woody branches bearing many flowers. The flowers grow among the clustered leaves; their petals are similar in size to the leaves, crystal white in color, soft and smooth without sharp edges. The flower encloses the stamen like an ear of grain. There is dew within the bud morning and evening, which can quench thirst, and powder from it can be used in medicine. Those growing in other soils drop their stamens and form fruits the size of melons, called Lutouhua, which are mostly odorless. Only Luhua ripens in midsummer. By covering pots or jars with the flowers and drying them in the sun, the fragrance falls into tea seed oil, creating an intense aroma known as Luhua Oil. People in Liaoyong and Zengcheng are skilled at producing this oil. Flowers that bloom late are called Hanhua (Cold Flowers); their fragrance is clearer and purer, but they cannot be used for oil extraction. Those growing in Dong'an Mountains are short with small leaves, blooming from spring to autumn. Those near water are especially fragrant but also unsuitable for oil production. Applied to children's skin, it stops sweating.