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Under the "Main Indications" section of *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica), it is only stated that applying [Tenghuang] to a tooth decayed by worms causes the tooth to fall out naturally, with no other therapeutic effects mentioned. Zhang Shiwan said: Tenghuang is toxic but can attack and resolve toxins; therefore, it treats dental caries caused by "worms," and application causes immediate shedding. It can be inferred from this that its toxicity can damage bones and harm the kidneys. Ye's *Deyi Bencao* (Materia Medica Based on Compatibility) records: when taking medicines containing Tenghuang, one must avoid smoking. According to *Sanhuang Baola Wan* and *Lidong Du Ye*, those poisoned by Tenghuang can be detoxified by eating sea jellyfish. *Baicao Jing* (Mirror of All Herbs) records: Tenghuang originates from foreign lands and Guangdong, and is the resin of a vine. Those resembling pen tubes are of good quality, while large lumps called "Cow Dung Tenghuang" are of inferior quality. For medicinal use, select those with tender, pure, and bright colors, melt them using steam over water, filter, and bury them in the soil for seven days before retrieving. Repeat this process seven times, then dry in the sun for use. *Yuezhi* (Records of Guangdong) states: In Guangdong, yellow vines are boiled to extract juice, which is Tenghuang. Its nature is extremely cold. When combined with green fish gallbladder, it treats eye diseases accompanied by white discharge. The leaves resemble those of *Smilax glabra* (Tufuling); the plant is small and long, wrapped externally by husks. Washing eyes with an infusion of the stems causes no swelling or pain. Its taste is sour and astringent, and it is toxic. It treats carbuncles and sores, stops bleeding, resolves toxins, heals metallic wounds, kills parasites, and treats injuries from knives, axes, wood, stones, scalds, burns, and splinters of bamboo or wood penetrating the flesh—essentially all types of trauma.

Shenxiao Gao (Miraculous Efficacy Plaster): Use 1 jin (approx. 500g) of genuine sesame oil, 8 liang (approx. 375g) of Tenghuang, and 8 liang of white beeswax. First, heat the oil in a copper pot. Then, crush the Tenghuang and boil it thoroughly. Filter out the dregs using hemp cloth, add the white beeswax, and continue until a drop forms a bead in water. Store in a porcelain jar. The plaster should be harder in summer and softer in winter. Application immediately stops pain and bleeding, and promotes wound closure with miraculous efficacy.

Jinbuhuan Formula for Treating Traumatic Injuries and Knife Wounds. Passed down by Zhou Shen'an of Suzhou: Grind 1 liang of Tenghuang into fine powder, mix with 4 liang of sesame oil, 5 qian (approx. 18.75g) of white beeswax, and 1 liang of yellow beeswax. Melt the two waxes in the sesame oil using a copper spoon, remove from heat, and place on the ground. One person slowly adds the Tenghuang powder while another stirs continuously until fully incorporated. Apply to the affected area, cover with oiled paper, and bind securely with silk cloth. Healing occurs within one to two days.

Fengqi Gao (Wind-Dispersing Plaster) for treating all kinds of nameless swellings and toxins. From Wang Zhanzhu's Unmedicated Good Prescriptions: Mix 4 liang of Tenghuang, 8 liang of white beeswax, and 12 liang of small-grind sesame oil. Fry the oil until hot; when it approaches the "bead stage" (does not disperse in water), add yellow and white beeswax, stir well, and store in a porcelain bottle. Keep the surface covered with sesame oil. Apply as needed.

Zhu's Effective Prescription "Yibixiao" (One-Stroke Eliminator): Use 2 liang of Dahuang (Rhubarb Root), 1 liang of Tenghuang, 5 qian each of Mingfan (Alum) and Chansu (Toad Venom), and 2 qian each of Shexiang (Musk), Ruxiang (Frankincense), and Moyao (Myrrh). Mash snails into a paste to form pills. For small boils/toxins that have not yet come to a head, grind with vinegar, dip a new brush in the medicine, and paint around the lesion. Continue painting outward until the circle shrinks and the toxin dissipates. Another Yibixiao formula for treating all carbuncles and swellings: Mix 1 liang each of Xionghuang (Realgar), Danfan (Chalcanthite), Pengsha (Borax), Tenghuang, Tonglv (Malachite), Pinxiao (Mirabilite), and Caowu (Aconite Root); add 2 qian of Shexiang. Grind into fine powder, mix with Chansu to form strips like pen tubes, and coat with gold foil. When using, grind thickly with vinegar, apply with a new brush around the toxin, and heal after several applications.

Xiaodu San (Detoxifying Powder): Treats carbuncles, sores, boils, and early-stage osteomyelitis (bone abscess). From *Liangfang Huixuan*: Mix 1 liang of Dahuang, 1 liang each of Furongye (Hibiscus Leaf, dried and powdered) and Wubeizi (Galla Chinensis); add 3 fen (approx. 1.1g) each of Shexiang and Bingpian (Borneol); 3 qian of Tenghuang; and 3 qian of Shengfan (Raw Alum). Grind into powder, mix with rice vinegar to form a thick paste. Apply around the osteomyelitis, leaving a bean-sized opening in the center. Frequently sweep the area with goose feather dipped in vinegar. If not swept, spreading will render it ineffective. Internal resolution occurs within one day and night. This is also effective for other carbuncles and boils. Another prescription: Mix 2 liang of Xionghuang, 3 qian of Shexiang, 1 liang of Tenghuang, 5 qian of Renzhongbai (Urine Deposit), 2 qian each of Zhusha (Cinnabar), Baiji (Bletilla Rhizome), and ShengBailian (Fresh Akebia Caulis); 1 liang of Chansu. Grind into powder, melt 3 qian of Guangjiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin), and mix with the powder to form pills. When encountering toxins, grind with vinegar-water and apply.

Xiaodu Fang (Detoxifying Formula): Treats all nameless swellings and toxins, including carbuncles on the back (Duikou Fabei).

From *Jiusheng Kuhai* (Sea of Bitterness for Saving Lives): Grind Tenghuang with Dihua liquor (a type of distilled spirit) and apply. Apply continuously; resolution occurs in less than half a day.

Wuhui Dan (No-Return Pill) treats all ding-toxins (hardened sores), carbuncles, and brain abscesses. From *Zhongmiao Fang* (Prescription of Myriad Miracles): Mix 1 liang each of Jian Tenghuang (Alkaline Tenghuang), Xionghuang, and Dahuang; 2 qian each of Chansu and Shexiang; 5 qian each of Xuexie (Dragon's Blood) and Jiapian (Tortoise Shell, fried). Grind with vinegar and apply for immediate effect.

Yidu Fang (Toxin-Shifting Formula): *Jiusheng Kuhai* states: If a toxin arises in dangerous acupoints at limb joints, it may cause disability if it does not form a fistula. Use this medicine: apply to only half the circumference to shift the toxin to the other side. Mix equal parts of Baiji, Bailian, Sanqi (Notoginseng Root), Wubeizi, Da Zaojiao (Large Soap Pod), Shancigu (Gloriosa Superba Bulb), and Tenghuang. Slice thinly. Remove Tenghuang; soak the rest in water in a clay pot for one day. Decoct, pour out liquid, add fresh water, and decoct again. Repeat several times, filter, and boil into a paste. Melt Tenghuang with water, add to the paste, stir well, boil further, pour into bowls, and dry. When using, grind with egg white to make a thick juice, apply with a new brush. Another method: Mix equal parts of Tenghuang and Yinzhu (Vermilion) with vinegar and apply to drive the toxin elsewhere to suppurate. If mixed with tree sap, it can be applied for tinea (ringworm), resolving in one or two applications.

Da Ti Yao Fang (Major Lifting Medicine Formula): For early-stage encircled toxins, such as Duikou Fabei (carbuncles on the neck/back), resolution occurs in four to five days. From *Liangfang Huixuan*: Mix 1 qian each of Xionghuang, Tenghuang, and Shexiang; 3 fen of Zhusha; 3 qian of Bamiren (Castor Bean Flesh); and 1.5 qian of Hongshengdan (Red Sublimated Mercury Oxide). First, grind castor beans into a paste, then mix with other herbs. Seal in an ivory box and wrap externally with tiger skin to prevent volatilization.

Zhongfutang Ti Yao Fang (Lifting Medicine Formula from Zhongfu Hall): Treats persistent toxins; application causes immediate lifting/resolution. Mix 3 qian each of Tenghuang and Xionghuang; 2 qian each of Chansu and Hongyao (Red Medicine); 1 qian each of Bingpian and Shexiang; 1 liang of Bamiren. Peel castor beans, mash into a jelly-like consistency, add herbs, and form into a plaster. Store in a porcelain jar, preventing air exposure. Alternatively: Use 3 qian of Hongyao, omit Bingpian and Chansu, add 3 qian of Shexiang and 1 qian of Chencha (Cinnabar). Another Huang Ti Yao Fang (Yellow Lifting Medicine): Mix 2 qian each of Yujin (Curcuma Rhizome), Xionghuang, and Tenghuang; 5 fen each of Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), Chansu, Sha (likely referring to a mineral salt), Bing (Borneol), and Shexiang; 8 qian of Badourou (Croton Seed Flesh); 1 liang of Bamiren. Mash thoroughly, store in a porcelain bottle. When symptoms arise, apply a small amount onto a plaster and adhere. Treats all malignant toxins; prevents formation if early, resolves pus/necrosis if formed. Especially effective for ding-toxins.

Zhudu Wei Yao (Encircling Medicines for Toxins): Zhu's Effective Prescription: Stir-fry Nanxing (Arisaema Rhizome) 4 liang; stir-fry Wubeizi until black; stir-fry Baiji 2 liang; stir-fry Tenghuang and Jianghuang (Turmeric) 1 liang each. Grind into fine powder, mix with vinegar for application. For severe cases, add 1 qian of Niuhuang and 5 qian of Lurong (Deer Antler). Another Zhongfutang Formula: Eliminates without pus, induces drainage if pus exists. Mix 1 liang of Wubeizi, 6 qian of Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica), 3 qian each of Tenghuang and Baicaoshuang (Soot from Burning Straw), 4 qian each of Sheng Banxia (Pinellia Tuber), Sheng Nanxing, Baiji, and Xiaochenfen Feimian (Fine Wheat Flour). Grind into powder, mix with red vinegar for application.

Gu Du (Encircling Toxin) Huoren Fang (Life-Saving Formula): Lightly roast 1 liang of Wubeizi; mix with 4 liang of Tenghuang, a small amount of Tongqing (Verdigris), and 8 liang of stir-fried starch. Form into pills. Grind with vinegar and apply when needed.

All Nameless Swellings: Mix 5 qian of Tenghuang, 2 liang of Wubeizi, 1 liang each of Baimi (White Honey) and Congtou (Scallion Head). Mix with rice vinegar to encircle the affected area, leaving the apex uncovered.

Wuse Chansu Mo (Five-Colored Toad Venom Ink): Instantly reduces swelling and toxins. Mix 1 liang each of Xionghuang, Yinzhu (Vermilion), Danfan, Shaofen (Kaolin), Tenghuang, Tonglv, and Pengsha; 1 qian of Shexiang. Grind into powder, mix with Chansu to form strips like pen tubes. Grind with water and apply.

Ding Chuang (Ding-Toxin): Wu Xing Yang's Convenient Good Prescription: Yin Zhu (Vermilion), Yanyou (Millipede), Bai Ganju (White Chrysanthemum), Renzhongbai, Zhugen Neixixin (Inner White Heart of Ramie Root), Xionghuang, Tenghuang, Dahuang.

Zuo Ban Chuang (Saddle Sores): Xian Yi Shi Zhu: Crush Tenghuang. Place on pig omentum (net fat). Spread Tenghuang on the fat, roll in a strip of blue cloth, tie tightly with thread. Soak in rapeseed oil overnight. Burn to drip oil, collect in a cup, bury in soil overnight to remove fire toxicity. Apply to sores for effectiveness.

Wu Huang San (Five-Yellow Powder): Treats all stubborn tinea (ringworm). Mix equal parts of Jijiao Dahuang (Chicken-foot Rhubarb), Liuhuang (Sulfur), Xionghuang, Jianghuang, and Tenghuang. Grind into fine powder, mix with rapeseed oil for application.

Jinshi Lidong Gao (Jinshi Cave-Exit Plaster): Miraculous for treating sores. Mix 5 liang of Wanying You (Universal Oil), 1.5 liang of Tenghuang, and 2 liang of refined yellow beeswax. Boil until dark brown, spread, and apply.

Method for Preparing Wanying You: Use 60 liang of Sesame Oil (standardized to 16-liang weight system). Add 1 liang each of clean Peach Branch, Willow Branch, Locust Branch, Mulberry Branch; 5 qian of Sichuan Pepper; 2 liang of Castor Beans; 4 liang of Maqian (Antiaris Toxicaria Seeds); 5 qian of Bibo (Long Pepper); 1 liang of Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig); 2 liang of Baizhi. Soak for 3 days in summer, 7 days in winter, 5 days in spring/autumn. Then boil until dregs are dry, strain. Yield is 80% of the raw oil volume. This oil...