（《纲目》）
【释名】剪红罗
【集解】时珍曰∶剪春罗二月生苗，高尺余。柔茎绿叶，叶对生，抱茎。入夏开花，深
红色，花大如钱，凡六出，周回如剪成可爱。结实大
有剪红纱花，茎高三尺，叶旋覆。夏秋开花，状如石竹花而稍大，四围如剪，鲜红可爱。结
穗亦如石竹，穗中有细子。方书不见用者。计其功，亦应利小便、主痈肿也。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
【主治】火带疮绕腰生者，采花或叶捣烂，蜜调涂之。为末亦可（时珍，出《证治要诀》）。
（《救荒》）
【校正】并入宋《图经》杏叶草。
【释名】杏叶草（《图经》）、长春花。
时珍曰∶金盏，其花形也。长春，言耐久也。
【集解】颂曰∶杏叶草，一名金盏草，生常州。蔓生篱下，叶叶相对。秋后有子如鸡头
实，其中变生一小虫，脱而能行。中夏采花。
周定王曰∶金盏儿花，苗高四五寸。叶似初生莴苣叶，浓而狭，抱茎而生。茎柔脆。茎
头开花，大如指头，金黄色，状如盏子，四时不绝。其叶味酸，炸熟水浸过，油盐拌食。
时珍曰∶夏月结实，在萼内，宛如尺蠖虫数枚蟠屈之状，故苏氏言其化虫，实非虫也。
【气味】酸，寒，无毒。
【主治】肠痔下血久不止（苏颂）。
（《本经》下品）
【释名】丁历（《别录》）、 蒿（ ，音典）、大室（《本经》）、大适（《本经》）、
（《郭璞》）。
时珍曰∶名义不可强解。
【集解】《别录》曰∶葶苈生 城平泽及田野，立夏后采实，阴干。
弘景曰∶出彭城者最胜，今近道亦有。母即公荠也。子细黄至苦，用之当熬。
颂曰∶今汴东、陕西、河北州郡皆有之，曹州者尤佳。初春生苗叶，高六七寸，似荠。
根白色，枝茎俱青。三月开花，微黄。结角，子扁小如黍粒微长，黄色。《月令》∶孟夏之月，
靡草死。许慎、郑玄注皆云靡草，荠、葶苈之属是也。一说葶苈单茎向上，叶端出角，粗且
短。又有一种狗芥草，叶近根下作歧，生角细长。取时必须分别此二种也。
曰∶凡使勿用赤须子，真相似，只是味微甘苦耳。葶苈子之苦，入顶也。
时珍曰∶按《尔雅》云∶ ，葶苈也。
郭璞注云∶实叶皆似荠，一名狗荠。然则狗荠即是葶苈矣。盖葶苈有甜苦二种。狗荠味
微甘，即
子
【修治】 曰∶凡使葶苈，以糯米相合，置于燠上，微焙，待米熟，去米，捣用。
【气味】辛，寒，无毒。《别录》曰∶苦，大寒。得酒良。
权曰∶酸，有小毒。入药炒用。
杲曰∶沉也，阴中阳也。
张仲景曰∶葶苈敷头疮，药气入脑，杀人。
之才曰∶榆皮为之使，得酒良，恶白僵蚕、石龙芮。
时珍曰∶宜大枣。
【主治】症瘕积聚结气，饮食寒热，破坚逐邪，通利水道（《本经》）。下膀胱水，伏留
热气，皮间邪水上出，面目浮肿，身暴中风热
壅上气咳嗽，止喘促，
【发明】杲曰∶葶苈大降气，与辛酸同用，以导肿气。《本草十剂》
云∶泄可去闭，葶苈、大黄之属。此二味皆大苦寒，一泄血闭，一泄气闭。盖葶苈之苦寒，
气味俱浓，不减大黄，又性过于诸药，以泄阳分肺中之闭，亦能泄大便，为体轻、象阳故也。
宗 曰∶葶苈有甜、苦二种，其形则一也。《经》既言味辛苦，即甜者不复更入药也。
大概治体皆以行水走泄为用，故曰久服令人虚，盖取苦泄之义，《药性论》不当言味酸。
震亨曰∶葶苈属火性急，善逐水。病患稍涉虚者，宜远之。且杀人甚捷，何必久服而后致虚
也。
好古曰∶苦、甜二味，主治不同。仲景泻肺汤用苦，余方或有用甜者，或有不言甜苦者。
大
抵苦则下泄，甜则少缓，量病患虚实用之，不可不审。本草虽云治同，而甜苦之味安得不异？
时珍曰∶甘、苦二种，正如牵牛，黑、白二色，急、缓不同，又如壶芦，甘、苦二味，
良、毒亦异。大抵甜者，下泄之性缓，虽泄肺而不伤胃；苦者，下泄之性急，既泄肺而易伤
胃，故以大枣辅之。然肺中
水气 满急者，非此不能除。但水去则止，不
云∶大戟去水，葶苈愈胀，用
之不节，乃反成病。亦在用之有节。
【附方】旧十，新十。
（炒研末），汉防己末二两，
以绿头鸭血及头，合捣万杵，丸梧子大。甚者，空腹白汤下十丸，轻者五丸，日三四服，五
日止，小便利为验。一加猪
苓末二两。（《经验方》）
通身肿满∶苦葶苈（炒）四两，为末，枣肉和丸梧子大。每服十五丸，桑白皮汤下，日
三服。此方，人不甚信，试之自验。
水肿尿涩∶《梅师方》∶用甜葶苈二两，炒为末，以大枣二十枚，水一大升，煎一小升，
去
枣，入葶苈末，煎至可丸如梧子大。每饮服六十丸，渐加，以微利为度。崔氏方∶用葶苈三
两，绢包饭上蒸熟，捣万杵，丸梧子大，不须蜜和。每服五丸，渐加至七丸，以微利为佳。
不可多服，令人不堪。若气发，服之得利，气下即止。此方治水气无比。萧驸马水肿，服此
得瘥。《外科精义》∶治男妇大小头面手足肿。用苦葶苈炒研，枣肉和丸小豆大。每服十丸，
煎麻子汤下，日三服。五七日小便多，则消肿也。忌咸酸生冷。
大腹水肿∶《肘后方》∶用苦葶苈二升，炒为末，割 雄鸡血及头，合捣丸梧子
每小豆汤下十丸，日三服。又方∶葶苈二升，春酒五升，渍一夜。稍服一合，小盒饭利。
又方∶葶苈一两，杏仁二十枚，并熬黄色，捣。分十服，小便去当瘥。
腹胀积聚∶葶苈子一升（熬），以酒五升浸七日，日服三合。（《千金方》）
肺湿痰喘∶甜葶苈（炒）为末，枣肉丸服。（《摘玄方》）
痰饮咳嗽∶含膏丸∶用曹州
葶苈子一两（纸衬炒令黑），知母一两，贝母一两，为末，枣肉半两，砂糖一两半，和丸弹
子大。每以新绵裹一丸，含之咽津。甚者不过三丸。（《箧中方》）
气肿，或单面肿，或足肿，并主之∶葶苈子三升，微火熬研，以绢袋盛，浸清酒五升中，冬
七日，夏三日。初服如胡桃许大，日三夜一，冬月日二夜二。量其气力，取微
利一、二为度。如患急者，不待日满，亦可绞服。（崔知悌方）
肺痈喘急不得卧，葶苈大枣泻肺汤主之∶葶苈炒黄捣末，蜜丸弹子大。每用大枣二十枚，
水三升，煎取二升，乃入葶苈一丸，更煎取一升，顿服。亦主支饮不得息。（仲景《金匮玉
函方》）
月水不通∶葶苈一升，为末，蜜丸弹子大，绵裹纳阴中二寸，一宿易之，有汁出，止。
（《千金方》）
卒发颠狂∶葶苈一升，捣三千杵，取白犬血和丸麻子大。酒服一丸，三服取瘥。（《肘后》）
头风疼痛∶葶苈子为末，以汤淋汁沐头，三四度即愈。（《千金翼》）
疳虫蚀齿∶葶苈、雄黄等分，为末，腊月猪脂和成，以绵裹槐枝蘸点。（《金匮要略》）
白秃头疮∶葶苈末涂之。（《子母秘录》）
瘰 已溃∶葶苈二合，豉一升，捣作饼子，如
钱大，浓二分，安疮孔上，艾作炷灸之，令温热，不可破肉，数易之而灸。但不可灸初起之
疮，恐葶苈气入脑伤人也。（《永类方》）
马汗毒瓦斯入腹∶葶苈子一两（炒研），水一升浸
汤服，取下恶血。（《续十全方》）
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Names] Jianhongluo (Red Scissors Silk)
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen said: Jianchunluo (Primula japonica) sprouts in the second lunar month, growing over one chi tall. It has tender stems and green leaves; the leaves are opposite and clasping the stem. In summer, it flowers with deep red blooms, each flower as large as a coin, typically having six petals, with edges resembling cut paper, very lovely. The fruit is large. There is a variety similar to Jianhongsahua (Scissors Red Gauze Flower), with stems three chi tall and leaves resembling those of *Inula* (Xuanfuhua). It flowers in mid-summer and autumn, looking like Dianthus flowers but slightly larger, with four-sided cut-like edges, vividly red and lovely. The seed pods resemble those of Dianthus, containing fine seeds within. This herb is not used in medical formularies. Estimating its efficacy, it should also promote urination and treat carbuncles and swellings.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] For Huodai Chuang (Herpes Zoster occurring around the waist), pick the flowers or leaves, mash them into a paste, mix with honey, and apply externally. Using powdered form is also acceptable (Li Shizhen, citing *Zhengzhi Yaojue*).
(From *Jiu Huang Bencao*)
[Correction] Merged with Xingye Cao (Apricot-leaf Herb) from Song Dynasty's *Tujing Bencao*.
[Names] Xingye Cao (from *Tujing*), Changchunhua (Ever-blooming Flower).
Li Shizhen said: "Jinzhan" refers to the shape of the flower. "Changchun" means enduring through spring/long-lasting.
[Collection and Explanation] Su Song said: Xingye Cao, also known as Jinzhancacao, grows in Changzhou. It is a creeping plant growing under fences, with leaves opposite each other. After autumn, it bears fruits like chicken-head seeds, inside which a small worm transforms, sheds its skin, and can move. Flowers are collected in mid-summer.
King Ding of Zhou said: Jinzhaneer flower seedlings are four to five cun high. Leaves resemble young lettuce leaves, thick and narrow, clasping the stem. Stems are soft and brittle. Flowers at the stem tips, as large as a finger, golden yellow, shaped like a cup, blooming throughout the four seasons. The leaves taste sour; when blanched, soaked in water, and mixed with oil and salt, they are edible.
Li Shizhen said: Fruits mature in summer, hidden within the calyx, resembling several curled inchworms. Thus, Su Shi claimed it transforms into insects, but this is incorrect; it is not an insect.
[Properties and Flavor] Sour, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Chronic bleeding from intestinal hemorrhoids (Su Song).
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Lower Grade)
[Names] Tingli (from *Bielu*), (pronounced dian), Dashì (from *Benjing*), Dashi (from *Benjing*), (from Guo Pu).
Li Shizhen said: The etymology cannot be forcibly interpreted.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bielu* states: Tingli grows in the plains and marshes of Pengcheng and in fields. Harvest the fruits after Start of Summer, dry in shade.
Tao Hongjing said: Those from Pengcheng are best; now available in nearby regions. The mother plant is Gongqi (Male Shepherd's Purse). Seeds are fine, yellow to bitter; must be roasted before use.
Su Song said: Now found in Bian East, Shaanxi, Hebei prefectures, especially good ones from Caozhou. Sprouts appear in early spring, 6-7 cun high, resembling Shepherd's Purse. Roots are white, branches and stems green. Flowers in March, pale yellow. Bears silicles; seeds are flat, small like millet grains but slightly longer, yellow. *Yueling*: In the first month of Early Summer, Mi Cao (soft herbs) die. Xu Shen and Zheng Xuan note that Mi Cao includes Shepherd's Purse and Tingli. Another view says Tingli has a single upright stem with silicles emerging from leaf tips, coarse and short. There is also a Dog Mustard Grass with forked leaves near the base and long, thin silicles. These two types must be distinguished when harvesting.
said: Do not use Chixuzi (Red-whiskered Seed); it looks similar but tastes slightly sweet and bitter. Tingli Zi's bitterness penetrates to the crown.
Li Shizhen said: According to *Erya*, , is Tingli.
Guo Pu's annotation says: Fruits and leaves resemble Shepherd's Purse, also called Gouqi. Thus, Gouqi is Tingli. Generally, Tingli has sweet and bitter varieties. Gouqi tastes slightly sweet, being the Zi [seed/type].
[Processing] said: When using Tingli, mix with glutinous rice, place on a warm surface, lightly roast until the rice is cooked, remove the rice, and crush for use.
[Properties and Flavor] Pungent, cold, non-toxic. *Bielu* says: Bitter, very cold. Best with wine.
Li Quan said: Sour, slightly toxic. Roast before medicinal use.
Zhang Gao said: Sinking, Yang within Yin.
Zhang Zhongjing said: Applying Tingli to head sores allows medicinal qi to enter the brain, causing death.
Xu Zhicai said: Elaeocarpus decipiens bark is its guiding drug; best with wine. Adversely reacts with Bombyx Batryticatus and Ranunculus ternatus.
Li Shizhen said: Should be paired with Jujube.
[Indications] Masses, accumulations, and stagnant Qi; dietary cold and heat; breaks hardness and expels pathogens; unblocks and promotes water passages (*Benjing*). Drains bladder water, residual heat, and pathogenic water from the skin causing facial and bodily edema; treats sudden wind-heat obstruction causing upper Qi cough and asthma (text cuts off here).
[Elucidation] Zhang Gao said: Tingli greatly descends Qi. Used with pungent and sour herbs to guide out swelling Qi. *Bencao Shiji* states: "Draining removes closure," referring to Tingli and Rhubarb. Both are greatly bitter and cold; one drains blood closure, the other Qi closure. Tingli's bitter-cold nature is potent, comparable to Rhubarb, and acts strongly to drain closure in the Lung (Yang aspect), also affecting bowel movements due to its light body and Yang association.
Zhu Zong said: Tingli has sweet and bitter varieties, identical in appearance. Since *Jing* states pungent and bitter flavors, the sweet variety is no longer used medicinally. Generally, its function is moving water and draining; hence, long-term use causes deficiency, taking the meaning of bitter drainage. *Yaoxing Lun* incorrectly states it is sour.
Zhu Zhenheng said: Tingli belongs to Fire, is urgent in nature, and excels at driving out water. Patients with any deficiency should avoid it. It kills quickly; why wait for long-term use to cause deficiency?
Li Haogu said: Bitter and sweet varieties have different indications. Zhang Zhongjing's Xiefei Tang uses the bitter type; other formulas may use sweet or unspecified types. Generally, bitter drains downward rapidly, while sweet is slower. Use according to patient's excess or deficiency carefully. Although *Bencao* claims similar effects, how can sweet and bitter tastes be the same?
Li Shizhen said: Sweet and bitter varieties are like Black and White Phytolacca (Qianniu), differing in urgency; or like Bottle Gourds, differing in goodness and toxicity. Generally, sweet Tingli drains slowly, benefiting the Lung without harming the Stomach; bitter Tingli drains urgently, benefiting the Lung but easily harming the Stomach, hence paired with Jujube. However, for severe fluid retention and urgency in the Lung, nothing else works. Stop once fluids are gone. Note: While Kansui removes water, Tingli may worsen distension if misused. Proper dosage control is essential.
[Attached Formulas] Ten old, ten new.
[Tingli Zi] (roasted and powdered), Han Fangji powder 2 liang.
Mix with blood and head of a male duck, pound 10,000 times, make pills size of wutong seeds. Severe cases: take 10 pills fasting with plain water; mild cases: 5 pills, 3-4 times daily. Effect expected in 5 days, verified by increased urination. Add Zhu Ling powder 2 liang. (*Experience Formula*)
Generalized Edema: Ku Tingli (roasted) 4 liang, powdered, mixed with jujube flesh into wutong-sized pills. Take 15 pills per dose with Morus alba root bark decoction, 3 times daily. People doubt this formula, but try it to verify.
Edema with Dysuria: *Meishi Fang*: Tian Tingli 2 liang, roasted and powdered. With 20 jujubes, boil 1 sheng water down to 1/2 sheng. Remove jujubes, add Tingli powder, boil until pillable (wutong size). Take 60 pills with drink, gradually increase, stop at mild diarrhea. Cui's Formula: Tingli 3 liang, steamed over rice in silk bag, pounded 10,000 times, pill size wutong, no honey needed. Take 5 pills, gradually up to 7, aiming for mild diarrhea. Do not overdose. If Qi flares, take until diarrhea occurs, then stop when Qi settles. This is supreme for water Qi. Prince Xiao's edema cured by this. *Waike Jingyi*: Treats facial/hand/foot swelling in men/women. Ku Tingli roasted/powdered, mixed with jujube flesh into bean-sized pills. Take 10 pills with hemp seed decoction, 3 times daily. Increased urination in 5-7 days reduces swelling. Avoid salty, sour, raw, cold foods.
Abdominal Distension/Edema: *Zhouhou Fang*: Ku Tingli 2 sheng, roasted/powdered. Mix with blood/head of rooster, pound into wutong pills. Take 10 pills with small bean decoction, 3 times daily. Another Formula: Tingli 2 sheng, soak in 5 sheng spring wine overnight. Take 1 ge gradually, expect mild urination. Another Formula: Tingli 1 liang, Almond 20 pieces, both roasted yellow, pounded. Divide into 10 doses; cure expected with urination.
Abdominal Distension/Accumulation: Tingli Zi 1 sheng (roasted), steep in 5 sheng wine for 7 days. Take 3 he daily. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Lung Dampness/Phlegm Asthma: Tian Tingli (roasted) powdered, pilled with jujube flesh. (*Zhaixuan Fang*)
Phlegm-Fluid Cough: Controlling Pill: Caozhou Tingli Zi 1 liang (roasted black on paper), Zhi Mu 1 liang, Bei Mu 1 liang, powdered. Jujube flesh 0.5 liang, rock sugar 1.5 liang. Mix into pill size of a bullet. Wrap one pill in new cotton, hold in mouth to swallow saliva. Severe cases: max 3 pills. (*Qiezhong Fang*)
Qi Edema, unilateral facial swelling, or foot swelling: Tingli Zi 3 sheng, lightly roasted/powdered, put in silk bag, steep in 5 sheng clear wine. Winter: 7 days; Summer: 3 days. Initial dose walnut-sized, 3 times day/1 time night; Winter: 2 times day/2 times night. Adjust based on strength, aim for mild diarrhea 1-2 times. For acute cases, do not wait for full time; can squeeze and drink. (Cui Zhiti Formula)
Lung Abscess with Asthma/Inability to Lie Flat: Tingli Dazao Xiefei Tang governs. Tingli roasted yellow/powdered, honey-pilled bullet-sized. Take 20 jujubes, boil 3 sheng water to 2 sheng. Add one Tingli pill, boil to 1 sheng, take at once. Also governs Branch Fluid preventing breathing. (Zhang Zhongjing *Jingui Yufang*)
Amenorrhea: Tingli 1 sheng, powdered, honey-pilled bullet-sized. Wrap in silk, insert 2 cun into vagina, change nightly. Stop when discharge appears. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Sudden Mania: Tingli 1 sheng, pounded 3,000 times. Mix with white dog blood into sesame-sized pills. Take one pill with wine; three doses for cure. (*Zhouhou*)
Head Wind Pain: Tingli Zi powdered, pour boiling water over to make juice, wash hair 3-4 times for cure. (*Qianjin Yi*)
Infantile Malnutrition Worms Eroding Teeth: Tingli and Realgar equal parts, powdered. Mix with pig fat in December. Wrap in silk on locust branch tip to dab teeth. (*Jingui Yaolue*)
White Tinea Capitis: Apply Tingli powder. (*Zimu Milu*)
Scrofula Ulcerated: Tingli 2 he, Fermented Soybean 1 sheng. Pound into cake size of coin, thickness 2 fen. Place on ulcer, moxa cone on top, keep warm, do not break skin. Change frequently and moxa. Do not moxa early-stage sores, fear Tingli qi entering brain and harming person. (*Yonglei Fang*)
Horse Sweat Toxin Entering Abdomen: Tingli Zi 1 liang (roasted/powdered), steep in 1 sheng water, decoct and drink. Expel bad blood. (*Xu Shiquan Fang*)