（《本经》中品）
【释名】白菀（《别录》）、织女菀
时珍曰∶其根似女体柔婉，故名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶女宛生汉中山谷或山阳。正月、二月采，阴干。
弘景曰∶比来医方无复用之。复有白菀似紫菀，恐非此也。
恭曰∶白菀即女菀，有名未用重出一条，故陶说疑之。功与紫菀相似。
宗 曰∶女宛即白菀，非二物也。《唐修本草》删去白菀，甚合宜。
时珍曰∶白菀，即紫菀之色白者也。雷 言∶紫菀白如练色者，名羊须草，恐即此物也。
根
【气味】辛，温，无毒。之才曰∶畏卤碱。
【主治】风寒洗洗，霍乱泄痢，肠鸣上下无常处，惊痫寒热百疾（《本经》）。疗肺伤咳
逆出汗，久寒在膀胱支满，饮酒夜食发病
【发明】时珍曰∶按∶葛洪《肘后方》载∶治人面黑令白方∶用真女菀
为末。醋浆服一刀圭，日三服。十日大便黑；十八日如漆；二十一日全白便止，过此太白矣。
年三十后不可服。忌五辛。孙思邈《千金方》用酒服，男十日，女二十日，黑色皆从大便出
也。又《名医录》云∶宋兴国时，有女任氏色美，聘进士王公辅，不遂意，郁久面色渐黑。
母家求医。一道人用女真散，酒下二钱，一日二服。数日面貌微白，一月如故。恳求其
方，则用黄丹、女菀二物等分尔。据此，则葛氏之方，已试有验者矣。然则紫菀治手太阴血
分，白菀手太阴气分药也。肺热则面紫黑，肺清则面白。三十岁以后则肺气渐减，不可复泄
，故云不可服之也。
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Baiwan (*Bie Lu*), Zhinvwan
Li Shizhen stated: Its root resembles the soft and graceful form of a female body, hence the name.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bie Lu* records: Nüwan grows in the valleys of Hanzhong or in Shanyang. It is harvested in the first and second lunar months and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing stated: In recent times, medical prescriptions rarely use it. Furthermore, there is a "White Wan" that resembles Ziwuan, which is likely not this herb.
Su Gong stated: Baiwan is indeed Nüwan; because they share names but were listed separately due to lack of usage, Tao's doubt arose. Its efficacy is similar to that of Ziwuan (Asteris Radix et Rhizoma).
Chen Cangqi stated: Nüwan is Baiwan, not two different substances. The deletion of Baiwan in *Tang Xiu Bencao* was very appropriate.
Li Shizhen stated: Baiwan refers to the white-colored variety of Ziwuan. Lei Xiao mentioned: The variety of Ziwuan that is white like silk fabric is named Yangxucao, which is likely this substance.
Root
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic. Xu Zhicai stated: It fears Halogen Alkali (Lu Jian).
[Indications] Wind-cold causing shivering, cholera with diarrhea and dysentery, borborygmus with pain moving unpredictably, convulsions, epilepsy, cold-heat alternating syndromes, and various diseases (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats lung injury causing cough and counterflow qi with sweating, chronic cold in the bladder leading to distension and fullness, and ailments triggered by drinking alcohol and eating at night.
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: According to Ge Hong's *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*, there is a prescription for treating dark facial complexion to make it white: Use genuine Nüwan, grind into powder. Take one Dao Gui dose mixed with vinegar slurry, three times daily. After ten days, stool turns black; after eighteen days, the face becomes dark as lacquer; after twenty-one days, it becomes completely white, then stop taking it, otherwise it will become too pale. Those over thirty years old should not take it. Avoid the Five Pungent Spices. Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Fang* uses wine for administration: men take it for ten days, women for twenty days, and the darkness is expelled through the stool. Additionally, *Mingyi Lu* records: During the Xingguo era of the Song Dynasty, a woman surnamed Ren was beautiful but her marriage to Jinshi Wang Gongfu was unsatisfactory. Due to long-term depression, her complexion gradually turned black. Her natal family sought medical help. A Daoist priest prescribed Nüzhen San, taken with wine, two Qian per dose, twice daily. After several days, her face became slightly whiter, and after a month, she returned to normal. When asked for the formula, it consisted of equal parts Huangdan (Lead Carbonate) and Nüwan. Based on this, Ge's prescription has been proven effective. Thus, Ziwuan treats the Blood aspect of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, while Baiwan treats the Qi aspect of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Lung heat causes a purplish-black complexion, while clear Lung Qi results in a white complexion. After age thirty, Lung Qi gradually declines, so excessive draining is contraindicated, hence the statement that it should not be taken.