（《本经》中品）
【释名】青菀（《别录》）、紫茜
时珍曰∶其根色紫而柔宛，故名许慎《说文》作茈菀。《斗门方》谓之返魂草。
【集解】《别录》曰∶紫菀生汉中、房陵山谷及真定、邯郸。二月、三月采根，阴干。
弘景曰∶近道处处有之。其生布地，花紫色，本有白毛，根甚柔细。有白者名白菀，不
复用。
大明曰∶形似重台，根作节，紫色润软者佳。
颂曰∶今耀、成、泗、寿、台、孟诸州、兴国军皆有之。三月内布地生苗，其叶二、四
相连。五月、六月内开黄
恭曰∶白菀，即女菀也。疗体与紫菀相同，无紫菀时亦用之。
颖曰∶紫菀连根叶采之，醋浸，入少盐收藏，作菜辛香，号名仙菜。盐不宜多，多则腐
也。
时珍曰∶按陈自明云∶紫菀以牢山所出根如北细辛者为良，沂兖以东皆有之。今人多
车前、旋复根赤土染过伪之。紫菀肺病要药，肺本自亡津液，又服走津液药，为害滋甚，
可不慎。
根
【修治】 曰∶凡使，先去须。有白如练色者，号曰羊须草，自然不同。去头及土，用
东流水洗净，以蜜浸一宿，至明于火上焙干用。一两用蜜二分。
【气味】苦，温，无毒。《别录》曰∶辛。权曰∶苦，平。
之才曰∶款冬为之使。恶天雄、瞿麦、 本、雷丸、远志，畏茵陈。
【主治】咳逆上气，胸中寒热结气，去蛊毒痿蹶，安五脏（《本经》）。
喘悸，五劳体虚，补不足，小儿惊痫（《别录》）。治尸疰，补虚下气，劳气
虚热，百邪鬼魅（甄权）。调中，消痰止渴，润肌肤，添骨髓（大明）。益肺气，生息贲（好
古）。
【附方】旧三，新四。
肺伤咳嗽∶紫菀五钱，水一盏，煎七分，温服，日三次。（《卫生易简方》）
久嗽不瘥∶紫菀、款冬花各一两，百部半两，捣罗为末。每服三钱，姜三片，乌梅一个，
煎汤调下，日二，甚佳。（《图经本草》）小儿咳嗽，声不出者∶紫菀末、杏仁等分，入蜜同
研，丸芡子大。每服一丸，五味子汤化下。（《全幼心鉴》）
吐血咳嗽，吐血后咳者∶紫菀、五味（炒）为末，蜜丸芡子大，每含化一丸。（《指南方》）
产后下血∶紫菀末，水服五撮。（《圣惠方》）
缠喉风痹，不通欲死者∶用返魂草根一茎，洗净纳入喉中，待取恶涎出即瘥，神效。更
以马牙硝津咽之，即绝根本。一名紫菀，南人呼为夜牵牛。（《斗门方》）妇人小便，卒不得
出者∶紫菀为末，井华水服三撮，即通。小便血者，服五撮立止。（《
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Qingwan (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Zi Qian.
Li Shizhen stated: Its root is purple in color and flexible, hence the name. Xu Shen wrote it as "Ci Wan" in *Shuowen Jiezi*. *Doumen Fang* refers to it as Fanshun Cao (Resurrection Herb).
**[Collection and Explanation]** *Mingyi Bielu* records: Ziwuan grows in the valleys of Hanzhong, Fangling, as well as Zhending and Handan. The roots are harvested in February and March and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing stated: It is found everywhere along nearby roads. It grows spreading over the ground, has purple flowers, white hairs at the base of the stem, and very soft and fine roots. Those that are white are called Bai Wan and are no longer used.
Meng Shen stated: It resembles Chongtai Hua (double-tiered flower), with jointed roots; those that are purple, moist, and soft are superior.
Su Song stated: Currently, it is produced in Yaozhou, Chengzhou, Sizhou, Shouzhou, Taizhou, Mengzhou, and Xingguo Jun. In March, seedlings emerge on the ground, with leaves appearing in pairs or quaternations. In May and June, yellow... [text cuts off]
Kou Zongshi stated: Bai Wan is the same as Nü Wan. Its therapeutic properties are identical to Ziwuan; it can be used when Ziwuan is unavailable.
Pang Anshi stated: Ziwuan is harvested with roots and leaves, soaked in vinegar, preserved with a little salt, and cooked as a vegetable with a pungent aroma, known as Xian Cai (Immortal Vegetable). Salt should not be excessive, otherwise it will rot.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Chen Ziming: Ziwuan from Laoshan, with roots resembling Bei Xixin (Northern Asarum), is of good quality; it is also available east of Yizhou and Yanzhou. Nowadays, many people fake Ziwuan by dyeing the roots of Cheqian Cao (Plantain Root) and Xuanfu Gen (Inula Root) with red earth. Ziwuan is an essential herb for treating lung diseases. Since the Lung naturally tends to lose body fluids, administering herbs that further deplete fluids causes severe harm; one must be cautious.
**[Processing]** Lei Xiao stated: When using it, first remove the fibrous roots. If there are white ones like silk, they are called Yangxu Cao (Sheep Beard Grass), which have different properties. Remove the head and soil, wash clean with flowing water from the east, soak in honey overnight, and dry on fire the next morning for use. For one liang of Ziwuan, use two fen of honey.
**[Flavor and Nature]** Bitter, warm, non-toxic. *Mingyi Bielu* records: Pungent. Wang Haogu stated: Bitter, neutral.
Xu Zhicai stated: Kuan Dong Hua (Winter Flower) acts as its guiding herb (Shi). It is incompatible with Tianxiong, Qumai, Gaoben, Leiwan, and Yuanzhi; it fears Yinchen.
**[Indications]** Cough with rebellious Qi, accumulation of cold-heat Qi in the chest, removal of Gu Du (parasitic toxins), Wei Jue (flaccidity and cold extremities), and calming the Five Zang Organs (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Wheezing and palpitations, Wu Lao (Five Exhaustions) and physical deficiency, tonifying insufficiency, pediatric epilepsy and fright (*Mingyi Bielu*). Treating Shizhu (consumptive disease), tonifying deficiency and descending Qi, labor-induced Qi deficiency and deficient heat, and various evil spirits/ghosts (Zhen Quan). Regulating the Middle Jiao, resolving phlegm, relieving thirst, moistening skin and muscles, and replenishing marrow and bone (Meng Shen). Benefiting Lung Qi, generating Xi Ben (likely referring to respiratory function or specific tissue nourishment) (Hao Gu).
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Three old prescriptions, four new prescriptions.
Lung injury with cough: Ziwuan 5 qian, one cup of water, decocted to 70%, taken warm three times a day. (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*)
Chronic cough unrelieved: Ziwuan and Kuan Donghua each 1 liang, Baibu 0.5 liang, pounded and sifted into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, mixed with ginger slices (3 pieces) and a Chinese plum (1), decocted in water and taken twice daily; highly effective. (*Tujing Bencao*)
Pediatric cough with inability to produce sound: Equal parts Ziwuan powder and Xingren, ground together with honey, formed into pills the size of a frog egg. Take one pill per dose, dissolved in Wuzi (Schisandra) decoction. (*Quanyou Xinjian*)
Hematemesis with cough, or cough after hematemesis: Ziwuan and fried Wuzi pounded into powder, honey-pilled to the size of a frog egg. Contain and dissolve one pill per time. (*Zhinan Fang*)
Postpartum lower bleeding: Ziwuan powder, taken with water, five tuo per dose. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Chan Hou Feng Bi (Strangling Throat Wind obstruction), where breathing is blocked and death seems imminent: Use one stalk of Fanshun Cao root, wash clean, insert into the throat, wait for foul saliva to be expelled, then recovery occurs; miraculous effect. Additionally, swallow Ma Yan Xiao (Mirabilite) with saliva to eradicate the root cause. Also named Ziwuan; southerners call it Ye Qian Niu (Night Morning Glory). (*Doumen Fang*) Sudden urinary retention in women: Ziwuan powder, taken with well-water (first drawn water), three tuo per dose, urination resumes immediately. For blood in urine, take five tuo to stop bleeding immediately. (*[Text cuts off]*