（《李当之本草》）
【集解】恭曰∶女萎叶似白蔹，蔓生，花白子细。荆襄之间名为女萎，亦名蔓楚。用苗
不用根。与葳蕤全别。今太常谬以为白头翁者是也。
时珍曰∶诸家误以女萎解葳蕤，正误见葳蕤下。
【修治】 曰∶凡采得阴干，去头并白蕊，于槐砧上锉，拌豆淋酒蒸之，从巳至未出，
晒干。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】止下痢，消食（当之）。风寒洒洒，霍乱泄痢肠鸣，游气上下无常，惊痫寒热
百
病，出汗（《唐本》）。
【附方】新三。
下不止∶女萎、云实各一两，川乌头二两，桂心五钱。为末，蜜丸梧子大。每服五丸，
水
下，一日三服。（《肘后方》）
身体 疡斑驳∶女葳膏∶用鲁国女葳、白芷各一分，附子一枚，鸡舌香、木香各二分。
为末，腊猪脂
（《别录》下品）
【释名】时珍曰∶其根如魁，有汁如赭，故名。魁乃酒器名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶生山谷中。二月采。
弘景曰∶状如小芋，肉白皮黄，近道亦有。
恭曰∶赭魁大者如斗，小者如升。蔓生草木上，叶似杜衡。陶所说乃土卵也。土卵不堪
药用。梁汉人蒸食之，名黄独，非赭魁也。
保升曰∶苗蔓延生，叶似萝 ，根若菝 ，皮紫黑，肉黄赤，大者轮 如升，小者如拳，
所在有之。
时珍曰∶赭魁闽人用入染青缸中，云易上色。沈括《笔谈》云∶本草所谓赭魁，皆未详
审。今南中极多，肤黑肌赤，似何首乌。切破中有赤理如槟榔，有汁赤如赭，彼人以染皮制
靴。闽人谓之余粮。本草石部禹余粮陶氏所引，乃此物也。谨按∶沈氏所说赭魁甚明，但谓
是禹余粮者，非矣。禹余粮乃今之土茯苓，可食，故得粮名；赭魁不可食，岂得称粮耶？土
卵即土芋也，见菜部。
根
【气味】甘，平，无毒。恭曰∶有小毒。
【主治】心腹积聚，除三虫（《本经》）。
(From *Li Dangzhi's Materia Medica*)
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] Su Gong stated: The leaves of Nüwei resemble those of Bailian (*Ampelopsis japonica*), growing as a vine, with white flowers and small seeds. In the Jingxiang region, it is called Nüwei or Mancu. The medicinal part used is the stem and leaf, not the root. It is completely different from Weirui (*Polygonatum sibiricum*). Currently, the Court Imperial Physician Bureau mistakenly identifies it as Baitouweng (*Pulsatilla chinensis*), which refers to this substance.
Li Shizhen stated: Various texts erroneously interpret Nüwei as Weirui; the correct distinction is found under the entry for Weirui.
[Xiu Zhi (Processing)] Lei Xiao stated: After harvesting, dry in the shade. Remove the head and white stamens. Chop on a locust wood cutting board, mix with Doulinjiu (soy sauce fermented wine), steam from Si hour (9-11 AM) to Wei hour (1-3 PM), then sun-dry.
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Nature)] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Zhu Zhi (Therapeutic Actions)] Stops dysentery and diarrhea, aids digestion (Li Dangzhi). Treats aversion to wind and cold with shivering, cholera-like diarrhea and dysentery with borborygmus, wandering Qi moving irregularly up and down, convulsions, epilepsy, alternating chills and fever, various diseases, and excessive sweating (*Tang Bencao*).
[Fu Fang (Attached Prescriptions)] Three new prescriptions.
Persistent diarrhea/dysentery: Nüwei and Yunshi (*Sphaerolobium vimineum*) each 1 liang, Chuan Wutou (*Aconitum carmichaelii* lateral root) 2 liang, Guixin (*Cinnamomi Cortex*) 5 qian. Grind into powder, make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 5 pills per dose, swallow with water, three times a day. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Body sores and mottled lesions: Nuwei Gao: Use Nuwei from Lu State and Baizhi (*Angelicae Dahuricae Radix*) each 1 fen, Fuzi (*Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata*) 1 piece, Jitingxiang (*Styrax*) and Muxiang (*Aucklandiae Radix*) each 2 fen. Grind into powder, use lard from the twelfth lunar month... (text ends here)
(From *Bielu*, Lower Grade)
[Shi Ming (Etymology)] Li Shizhen stated: Its root resembles Kui (an ancient wine vessel), and its juice is red like Zheshi (red ochre), hence the name. Kui is the name of a wine vessel.
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] *Bielu* stated: Grows in mountain valleys. Harvested in February.
Tao Hongjing stated: Resembles a small taro, with white flesh and yellow skin; also found in nearby regions.
Su Gong stated: Zhengkui can be as large as a dou (a unit of volume) or as small as a sheng (a smaller unit). It grows as a vine on trees and shrubs, with leaves resembling Heng (*Dysosma versipellis*). What Tao described is actually Tuluan. Tuluan is unsuitable for medicinal use. People in Liang and Han regions steam and eat it, calling it Huangdu, which is not Zhengkui.
Baosheng stated: The vines spread and grow, leaves resembling Luomao (*Metaplexis japonica*), roots resembling Babae (*Smilax glabra*), with purple-black skin and yellow-red flesh. Large ones are as big as a sheng, small ones like a fist; found everywhere.
Li Shizhen stated: In Fujian, Zhengkui is used in indigo dye vats, said to facilitate coloring. Shen Kuo’s *Bush Tan* states that the Zhengkui mentioned in materia medica has not been carefully examined. It is now very common in the south, with black skin and reddish interior, resembling Heshouwou (*Polygoni Multiflori Radix*). When cut open, it has red lines like Binglang (areca nut), and exudes red juice like zheshi. Locals use it to dye leather for making boots. Fujian people call it Yuliang. The Yuyuliang recorded in the Mineral section of materia medica, cited by Tao Hongjing, is this substance. Upon careful examination: Shen Kuo’s description of Zhengkui is clear, but identifying it as Yuyuliang is incorrect. Yuyuliang is currently Tubingling (*Smilax glabra rhizome* or similar edible tuber), which is edible, hence the name "grain"; Zhengkui is inedible, how could it be called "grain"? Tuluan is Tuyu, see the Vegetable section.
Root
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Nature)] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Su Gong stated: Slightly toxic.
[Zhu Zhi (Therapeutic Actions)] Treats abdominal masses and accumulations, eliminates three types of parasites (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).