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(Recorded as a Superior Grade in *Bie Lu* [Classic of Famous Physicians' Separate Records])
[Correction] *Tang Ben Cao* [Tang Dynasty Materia Medica] demoted it to "Named but Unused," now moved into this category.
[Names] Zhu Tao (from *Bie Lu*), Mai Ying (from *Wu Pu Ben Cao*), Ying Dou (from *Bie Lu*), Li Tao.
Shen said: This Ying Tao is commonly known as Li Tao, also called Nai Tao. The previous Cherry was named Ying, not Tao.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bie Lu* says: Ying Tao fruits are as large as wheat grains, hairy. Harvested in April, dried in the shade.
Hong Jing said: Ying Tao is the same as the current Zhu Ying (Red Cherry), which can be boiled for food. Ying Tao has a similar shape but different fruit; it grows occasionally in mountains, but is not used in prescriptions.
Shizhen said: The tree resembles Zhu Ying, but the leaves are long and pointed, not round. The fruit is small and pointed, green when raw and yellow-red when ripe, not glossy, and tastes bad, inedible.
Fruit
[Aroma and Flavor] Pungent, Neutral, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Stops diarrhea, treats Chang Pi [dysentery], clears heat, harmonizes the middle and benefits Spleen Qi, improves complexion, and enhances mood (*Bie Lu*). Stops seminal emission (Meng Shen).

(*Ri Yong Ben Cao*)
[Names] Bai Guo (from *Ri Yong*), Ya Jiao Zi [Duck-foot Seed].
Shizhen said: Originally from Jiangnan, leaves resemble duck feet, hence the name Ya Jiao. First presented as tribute in the Song Dynasty, renamed Yin Xing [Silver Fruit], because its shape resembles a small apricot and the kernel is white. Now called Bai Guo. Mei Yaochen's poem: "Ya Jiao resembles green plums, its name due to high leaves." Ouyang Xiu's poem: "Crimson bags first entered tribute, Yin Xing valued in Zhongzhou." This is correct.
[Collection and Explanation] Shizhen said: Yin Xing grows in Jiangnan, with those from Xuancheng being superior. Trees are two or three zhang tall. Leaves are thin with longitudinal veins, distinctly shaped like duck feet, with incisions, green on top and pale below. Flowers cluster in February, blue-white, blooming at the second watch, falling immediately, rarely seen by people. One branch bears dozens of fruits, resembling Chinaberry fruits, ripening after frost. Remove flesh to take the kernel as the fruit; kernels are pointed at both ends, three-angled are male, two-angled are female. Kernels are green when tender, turning yellow over time. Male and female trees must be of the same species and face each other to bear fruit; or female trees near water can also bear fruit; or drill a hole, insert a piece of male wood, seal with mud, and it will also bear fruit. The wonder of Yin-Yang interaction is thus. The tree is durable, with white and greasy texture. Daoist practitioners carve talismans and seals from it, claiming it can summon spirits. Note on *Wu Du Fu* in *Wen Xuan*: Ping Zhong fruit, its fruit looks like silver. Uncertain if this is the same fruit?
Kernel
[Aroma and Flavor] Sweet, Bitter, Neutral, Astringent, Non-toxic.
Shizhen said: Cooked, slightly bitter and sweet, Warm nature with slight toxicity. Overconsumption causes abdominal distension.
Rui said: Overconsumption obstructs Qi movement and induces wind. Children eating too much suffer confusion, inducing convulsions and malnutrition syndromes. Eating with Eel causes soft wind disease.
[Indications] Raw: Induces malnutrition syndromes, resolves alcohol toxicity. Cooked: Benefits the body (Li Pengfei). Cooked: Warms Lungs, benefits Qi, stabilizes asthma/cough, reduces urination, stops leukorrhea/white turbidity. Raw: Descends Phlegm, detoxifies, kills parasites. Chewed into paste, applied to nose, face, hands, and feet, removes skin roughness/wrinkles, and treats Scabies/Tinea/Malnutrition sores/Yin lice (Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Shizhen said: Yin Xing became famous only in the Song Dynasty, yet compilers of Materia Medica did not include it. Recently used in prescriptions. Its aroma is light, flavor strong, nature astringent and contracting, color white belonging to Metal. Thus it enters the Lung Meridian, benefits Lung Qi, stabilizes asthma/cough, reduces urination. Raw crushing can wash away grease, implying its ability to remove turbid Phlegm. Its flowers open at night, unseen by humans, likely a Yin-Toxic substance, thus able to kill parasites and detoxify. However, excessive intake leads to excessive contraction, causing Qi stagnation, abdominal distension, and dizziness. Thus *Wu Lei Xiang Gan Zhi* states: "Yin Xing can intoxicate people." And *San Yuan Yan Shou Shu* states: "Those who eat one thousand Bai Guo die." It is also said: Formerly, hungry people ate Bai Guo instead of rice until full, and all died the next day.
[Attached Prescriptions] Eighteen new ones.
Cold Cough with Phlegm-Asthma: Seven Bai Guo. Roasted until cooked, make seven pills of prepared Mugwort, insert one pill of Mugwort into each fruit, wrap in paper and roast until fragrant, discard Mugwort and eat (*Mi Yun* prescription).
Asthma and Phlegm-Cough: Ya Zhang San [Duck-Palm Powder]: Use five Yin Xing, two-and-a-half qian Ma Huang [Ephedrae Herba], two qian Gan Cao [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma] (roasted). Add one-and-a-half zhong of water, decoct to eight-tenths, take before sleep.
Cough with Loss of Voice: Four liang Bai Guo Ren [Kernel Ginkgo], two liang Bai Fu Ling [Poria], two liang Sang Bai Pi [Morus Alba Root Bark], half sheng Wu Dou [Black Soybean] (roasted), half jin Honey. Boil until cooked, dry and powder. Mix with half bowl of breast milk, steam and sun-dry nine times, form pills size of mung beans. Take 30-50 pills per dose, down with warm water, miraculous effect (Yu Jushi prescription).
Frequent Urination: Fourteen Bai Guo, seven raw and seven roasted, eat to effect, then stop.
White Turbid Urine: Ten raw Bai Guo Ren, grind with water and drink, once daily, to effect, then stop.
Red and White Leukorrhea, Deficiency of Lower Origin: Five qian Bai Guo, five qian Lian Rou [Lotus Seed], five qian Jiang Mi [Glutinous Rice], one-and-a-half qian Hu Jiao [Black Pepper]. Powder. Use one Black-Bone Hen, remove internal organs...
Intestinal Wind with Blood in Stool: Roast Yin Xing until cooked, eliminate fire energy, eat, down with rice drink.
Intestinal Wind and Visceral Toxin: Forty-nine Yin Xing, remove shell and crush raw, mix with powder of Bai Yao Jian [Myrobalan Pill], form pills size of bullet. Take 2-3 pills per dose, chew finely on empty stomach, down with rice drink (Dai Yuanli *Zheng Zhi Yao Jue*).
Teeth Worms: Raw Yin Xing, chew one or two after each meal, good (*Yong Lei Qian Fang*).
Hand and Foot Fissures: Crush raw Bai Guo, apply nightly.
Nose and Face Rosacea: Yin Xing and wine lees, chew together, apply at night, wash in morning (*Yi Lin Ji Yao*).
Head and Face Tinea Sores: Cut raw Bai Guo Ren, rub frequently to effect (Shao Shi *Jing Yan Fang*).
Lower Body Malnutrition Sores: Crush raw Bai Guo, apply (Zhao Yuanyang).
Itching Yin Lice: Insects like lice growing in flesh at pubic hair line, red or white, unbearable itching. Chew Bai Guo Ren fine, rub frequently to effect.
Dog Bite Wounds: Chew Bai Guo Ren fine, apply.
Breast Abscess Ulceration: Half jin Yin Xing, crush four liang with wine to drink, crush remaining four liang to apply externally (*Jiu Ji Yi Fang*).
Water Ding and Dark Ding: Water Ding is yellow, numb and painless; Dark Ding protrudes, red, causes delirium. Prick surrounding area first, then use Yin Xing remove shell...