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(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])

[Collected Explanations]
Chen Cangqi stated: Langyu (Ulmus pumila var. langyu) grows in mountains, resembling the elm tree. Its bark contains a slippery juice, and it produces pods in autumn.
Li Shizhen stated: The large elm produces pods in February, whereas Langyu produces them in August; they can be distinguished by this difference.

[Properties and Flavors]
Sweet, cold, non-toxic.

[Therapeutic Actions]
Treats heat strangury (painful and difficult urination), promotes diuresis, and induces sleep (Chen Cangqi). Treats delayed closure of the fontanelle in children (Jielu).

(From *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Middle Grade)

[Names]
Ti (from *Erya*), Wugu (from *Bencao Jing*). ("Ti" is pronounced diàn táng, referring to a tree name; "Wugu" is pronounced piān.)
Li Shizhen stated: According to *Shuowen Jiezi*: "Kui" refers to mountain elm. It has thorns, and its fruit is Wuyi (*Celtis sinensis*). *Erya* states: "Wugu," its fruit is called Ti. It also states: "Kui Ti."
Su Gong stated: "Kui" is a textual error for the characters "Kui" and "Ti".

[Collected Explanations]
*Mingyi Bielu* stated: Wuyi grows in the rivers and valleys of Jin region. The fruits are harvested in March and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing stated: Currently, it is only produced in Goryeo. It resembles elm pods, has an odor like rotting meat, and locals use it to make sauce. Its nature is insecticidal; placing it among items repels moths and worms, but its odor is unpleasant.
Su Gong stated: Those from Yanzhou and Tongzhou are currently very good.
Su Song stated: They are found everywhere in Hedong and Hexi. Su Song further stated: They are also available in nearby regions, with those from Taiyuan being superior. Generally, they belong to the elm family but are smaller. Their fruits mature earlier than elms, are larger than elm seeds, and have an offensive odor. Guo Pu's commentary on *Erya* states: "Wugu" is Guyu. It grows in mountains, has round and dense leaves. When the bark is peeled and soaked, it becomes pungent and fragrant, which is what is referred to as Wuyi. The fruits are harvested and dried in the shade for use. Nowadays, people often grind them into powder to flavor food; only aged ones are good. People preserve them by pickling in salt, which causes loss of aroma; thus, they are suitable only for food, not for medicinal use. Li Xun stated: According to *Guangzhou Ji*, it grows in Daqin (Persia/Rome); this is Persian Wuyi. Those with a musky odor are good; these are the kernels of mountain elm. Pungent. People often mix them with other substances.

[Properties and Flavors]
Pungent, neutral, non-toxic.
Li Quan stated: Bitter, neutral.
Li Dangzhi stated: Pungent, warm.
Meng Shen stated: Made into sauce, it is extremely fragrant and delicious, surpassing elm kernels in efficacy. It can be consumed in small amounts; excessive consumption causes heat due to its pungency. Consuming it in autumn is particularly beneficial.

[Therapeutic Actions]
Disperses evil qi in the five zang organs, dissipates toxic pathogens flowing subtly within the skin and bone joints, eliminates three types of parasites (roundworms, pinworms, tapeworms), and transforms food stagnation (*Bencao Jing*). Drives out *Taenia saginata* (tapeworm) and disperses intestinal wheezing (*Mingyi Bielu*). Primarily treats accumulated cold qi, abdominal masses and pain, and removes wind pathogens causing sensations like insects crawling on the skin and joints (Zhen Quan). Treats hot sores on the skin of the five zang organs. Mixed with honey, it treats damp tinea. Mixed with buffalo or horse milk/curd, it treats all types of sores (Meng Shen).

[Attached Prescriptions]
Three old prescriptions, seven new prescriptions.

For stomach and spleen parasites causing pain upon eating, with sallow complexion lacking luster: Use two liang of Wuyi kernels from Shizhou, stir-fry with flour until yellow, grind into powder. Take two qianbi with rice water at non-meal times. (*Qianjin Fang*)

To kill various parasites: Raw Wuyi and raw Areca Seed (Binglang) each four liang, grind into powder, form pills with steamed dough the size of sophora seeds. Take twenty pills per dose with plain boiled water. (*Baoshi Fang*)

For infantile malnutrition with heat and parasites, emaciation, where long-term use increases weight: Use one liang of elm kernel and one liang of Coptis Rhizoma (Huanglian), grind into powder. Mix with seven pig bile vesicles. Place in a bowl and steam over rice once a day for nine days. Then add half a qian of Moschus (Shexiang), mix with dough moistened with water, and form pills the size of mung beans. Take five to seven pills up to ten to twenty pills per dose with rice water. (Qian Yi's *Xiao'er Zhijue*)

Wuyi and Dried Resina Taxilli (Ganxi) (charred to retain properties) in equal parts, grind into powder. Take one zi to one qian mixed with rice water. (Du Ren's Prescription)

[Paste] Crushed and pressed through paper to remove oil, ground into powder. Form pills the size of sophora seeds using male pig bile. Take nine pills per dose with licorice decoction, five times daily. Roots eliminated in three days. (*Puji Fang*)

Take thirty pills with aged rice water. Long-term use eliminates the Three Corpses (parasitic spirits), benefits the spirit, and preserves youth. This prescription was obtained from Zhang Liao and proved effective. (Wang Shaoyan's *Xu Fang*)

Also effectively directs qi downward. (*Waitai Miyao*)

[Fried Wheat] (fried), [Fried Coptis Rhizoma] (fried) each one qian, grind into powder, make paste with pig bile to form pills the size of millet grains. Each... can remove evil blood from the heart orifices. (*Quanyou Xinjian*)

Abdominal biema mass: Frequent alcohol consumption causes blood to enter the wine, forming "wine biema"; excessive qi causes blood to coagulate with qi, forming "qi biema"; deficiency labor and chronic cold cause failed blood mixed with phlegm, forming "blood biema". These masses shake their heads and tails, moving like insects, invading the throat upwards, eroding the anus downwards, attaching to the flanks and back, or hiding in the chest and abdomen. Large ones resemble turtles, small ones resemble coins. The treatment method is to decoct fried Wuyi for oral administration, combined with formulas that warm the stomach, benefit blood, and regulate the middle jiao, to eliminate them. Using only Marasmi Fungus (Leiyuan) or tin ash is of no benefit. (*Ren Zhi Zhizhi Fang*)