（音又。《日华》）
【释名】 （与柚同）、条（《尔雅》）、壶柑（《唐本》）、臭橙（《食性》）、朱栾。
时珍曰∶柚，色油然，其状如卣，故名。壶亦象形。今人呼其黄而小者为蜜筒，正此意
也。其大者谓之朱栾，亦取团栾之象。最大者谓之香栾。《尔雅》谓之 （音废），又曰 （
音贾）。《广雅》谓之镭柚，镭亦壶也。《桂海志》谓之臭柚，皆一物。但以大小、古今方
言称呼不同耳。
【集解】恭曰∶柚皮浓味甘，不似橘皮薄味辛而苦。其肉亦如橘，有甘有酸，酸者名壶
柑。今俗人谓橙为柚，非矣。案∶《吕氏春秋》云∶果之美者，江浦之橘，云梦之柚。郭璞
云∶柚出江南，似橙而实酢，大如橘。禹贡云∶扬州厥包橘、柚。孔安国云∶小曰橘，大曰
柚，皆为柑也。
颂曰∶闽中、岭外、江南皆有柚，比橘黄，白色而大。襄、唐间柚，色青黄而实小。其
味皆酢，皮浓，不堪入药。
时珍曰∶柚，树、叶皆似橙。其实有大、小二种∶小者如柑、如橙；大者如瓜、如升，
有围及尺余者，亦橙之类也。今人呼为朱栾，形色圆正，都类柑、橙。但皮浓而粗，其味甘
，其气臭，其瓣坚而酸恶不可食，其花甚香。南人种其核，长成以接柑、橘，云甚良也。盖
橙乃橘属，故其皮皱浓而香，味苦而辛；柚乃柑属，故其皮粗浓而臭，味甘而辛。如此分，
柚与橙、橘自明矣。郭璞云∶ ，大柚也。实大如盏，皮浓二、三寸，子似枳，食之少味。
范成大云∶广南臭柚大如瓜，可食，其皮甚浓，染墨打碑，可代毡刷，且不损纸也。《列子
》云∶吴越之间有木焉，其名为 。碧树而冬青，实丹而味酸。食其皮汁，已愤厥之疾。渡
淮而北，化而为枳。此言地气之不同如此。
【气味】酸，寒，无毒。
【主治】消食，解酒毒，治饮酒人口气，去肠胃中恶气，疗妊妇不思食、口淡（大明）。
皮
【气味】甘、辛，平，无毒。
【正误】时珍曰∶案∶沈括《笔谈》云∶《本草》言橘皮苦，柚皮甘，误矣。柚皮极苦，
不
【主治】下气。宜食，不入药（弘景）。消食快膈，散愤懑之气，化痰（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
痰气咳嗽∶用香栾，去核，切，砂瓶内浸酒，封固一夜，煮烂，蜜拌匀，时时含咽。
叶
【主治】头风痛，同葱白捣，贴太阳穴（时珍）。
花
【主治】蒸麻油作香泽面脂，长发润燥（时珍）。
(Yin "you". From *Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao*).
[Names] (Same as You), Tiao (from *Er Ya*), Hu Gan (from *Tang Ben Cao*), Chou Cheng (from *Shi Xing Ben Cao*), Zhu Luan.
Li Shizhen said: You, with its oily color and shape resembling a You (an ancient wine vessel), is thus named. "Hu" also takes its form from the shape. Nowadays, people call the yellow and smaller ones Mi Tong, which is exactly this meaning. The larger ones are called Zhu Luan, also taking the image of roundness. The largest are called Xiang Luan. In *Er Ya*, it is referred to as (yin "fei"), and also as (yin "jia"). In *Guang Ya*, it is called Lei You, where "Lei" also means pot/hu. In *Gui Hai Zhi*, it is called Chou You; all refer to the same thing, differing only in size, historical period, and dialectal names.
[Collected Explanations] Su Gong said: You peel is thick and sweet, unlike Ju peel which is thin, pungent, and bitter. Its flesh is like that of Ju, having both sweet and sour varieties; the sour ones are named Hu Gan. Nowadays, common people mistakenly call Cheng as You. According to *Lü Shi Chun Qiu*: Among delicious fruits are the Ju of Jiang Pu and the You of Yun Meng. Guo Pu said: You grows in the south of the Yangtze, resembling Cheng but with sour fruit, and is as large as Ju. *Yu Gong* states: Yangzhou offers wrapped Ju and You. Kong Anguo said: Small ones are Ju, large ones are You, both belonging to the Gan category.
Su Song said: You is found in Minzhong, Lingwai, and Jiangnan, being yellower than Ju, white, and large. You from Xiang and Tang regions is greenish-yellow and small-fruited. All taste sour, have thick peels, and are unsuitable for medicinal use.
Li Shizhen said: The tree and leaves of You resemble those of Cheng. There are two sizes of fruit: small ones resemble Gan and Cheng; large ones resemble melons or Sheng (a measure), some exceeding one chi in circumference, also belonging to the Cheng category. Nowadays called Zhu Luan, they are round and upright in shape, resembling Gan and Cheng. However, the peel is thick and rough, the taste is sweet, the odor is foul, the segments are hard and sour/unpalatable, while the flowers are very fragrant. Southerners plant its seeds and use the grown trees to graft onto Gan and Ju, claiming excellent results. Generally, Cheng belongs to the Ju genus, hence its wrinkled, thick, fragrant peel with bitter and pungent taste; You belongs to the Gan genus, hence its coarse, thick, odorous peel with sweet and pungent taste. With such distinction, the differences between You, Cheng, and Ju become clear. Guo Pu said: , refers to large You. Fruit as large as a cup, peel two to three cun thick, seeds resembling Zhi, eating it yields little flavor. Fan Chengda said: In Guangnan, Chou You is as large as a melon, edible, with very thick peel; dyed with ink for rubbing steles, it can replace felt brushes without damaging paper. *Lie Zi* says: Between Wu and Yue there is a tree named . It has a green trunk evergreen in winter, red fruit, and sour taste. Eating its peel and juice cures Fen Jue disease (anger-induced fainting). Crossing the Huai River northward, it transforms into Zhi. This illustrates how different local climates cause such changes.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sour, cold, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Promotes digestion, resolves alcohol toxicity, treats halitosis in drinkers, removes evil qi from the intestines and stomach, treats anorexia and bland taste in mouth during pregnancy (from *Da Ming Ben Cao*).
Peel of You
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, pungent, neutral, non-toxic.
[Correction of Errors] Li Shizhen said: According to Shen Kuo's *Bi Tan*: The statement in *Ben Cao* that Ju peel is bitter and You peel is sweet is incorrect. You peel is extremely bitter, not
[Therapeutic Actions] Directs Qi downward. Suitable for dietary use, not for medicinal decoction (from Tao Hongjing). Promotes digestion and relieves chest fullness, disperses pent-up anger/qi, resolves phlegm (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] New prescription one.
Cough due to Phlegm-Qi Stagnation: Use Xiang Luan, remove seeds, slice, soak in wine in a clay jar, seal tightly overnight, boil until soft, mix with honey, hold in mouth and swallow slowly from time to time.
Leaves of You
[Therapeutic Actions] Head wind pain: Crush together with scallion white, apply to Taiyang acupoint (Li Shizhen).
Flowers of You
[Therapeutic Actions] Steamed with sesame oil to make fragrant hair pomade, promotes hair growth and moistens dryness (Li Shizhen).