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[Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*]

[Names] Jinqiu (Golden Ball), Huke.
Li Shizhen states: According to research, Lu Tuan in *Piya* says: Orange belongs to the citron family. It can be harvested by climbing trees, hence the character "Cheng" (Orange) contains the radical for "climb" (Deng). It is also a phonetic loan character.

[Collected Explanations] Su Song states: The orange tree resembles the kumquat but has larger leaves. The fruit is round, larger than the kumquat and fragrant, with thick and wrinkled skin, ripening in August.
Li Shizhen states: Oranges are produced in southern regions. Their fruits resemble citrons but are fragrant. The leaves have two notches, appearing as if broken into two segments. There is also a variety with an unpleasant odor. Citrons (You) are large varieties of the mandarin orange genus, ripening early and difficult to store; Oranges (Cheng) are large varieties of the tangerine genus, ripening late and durable. Both have large and small varieties. According to *Shilei Hebi*: The orange tree is tall, its leaves do not closely resemble those of the kumquat, and it has thorns. Large fruits are bowl-sized, resembling Zhuluan (a type of citrus). They ripen early after frost, are yellow with thick skin, and the surface is crinkled like boiling water, with a rich fragrance. The peel can be used to scent clothes, preserve freshness, mix with pickles and meat sauces, make condiments, be candied in honey, or made into orange paste with sugar. Smelling it is fragrant, eating it is delicious; truly a fine fruit.
Kong Zongshi states: Orange peel is currently only used as a fruit, or boiled in soup to entertain guests, and is not seen in medicinal prescriptions. For those suffering from hangovers, eating it helps sober up quickly.

[Properties and Flavor] Sour, cold, non-toxic.
Shiliang states: Warm. Excessive consumption damages liver qi and induces deficiency heat. Eating it with otter meat causes dizziness and nausea.
Li Shizhen states: Otter refers to aquatic otters. All previous materia medica texts wrote this as "Binglang" (Areca Nut), which is incorrect.

[Therapeutic Actions] Wash away the acidic juice, slice and mix with salt and honey, decoct and store for consumption. It stops nausea and removes floating wind and evil qi from the stomach (*Kaibao Bencao*).
It circulates wind qi, treats goiter qi, dissipates scrofula, and kills fish and crab toxins (Shiliang).

[Peel]
[Properties and Flavor] Bitter, pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] When made into sauce or vinegar, it enhances flavor. It disperses evil qi in the intestines and stomach, aids digestion and directs qi downward, and removes floating wind qi from the stomach (*Kaibao Bencao*). Stored with salt, it stops nausea and resolves alcohol intoxication (Meng Shen). Made into orange cubes with sugar, it is sweet and delicious, resolves phlegm, directs qi downward, benefits the diaphragm and broadens the middle jiao, and resolves alcohol intoxication (Li Shizhen).

[Attached Prescriptions] Two new prescriptions.
Xiangcheng Tang (Fragrant Orange Decoction): Broadens the middle jiao, promotes qi circulation, and resolves alcohol. Use 2 jin (approx. 1 kg) of orange peel (sliced), 5 liang (approx. 250 g) of fresh ginger (sliced, dried over fire, pounded into a paste), and add 1 qian (approx. 3-5 g) of roasted licorice powder.
Hemorrhoid swelling and pain: Burn dried oranges from the previous year in a barrel and fumigate the affected area with the smoke. This is highly effective (*Yifang Jiangyi*).

[Pits/Seeds]
[Therapeutic Actions] For facial acne, grind wet seeds into a fine powder and apply nightly (Li Shizhen).

[Attached Prescription] One new prescription.
Sprain and strain lower back pain: Roast orange pits, grind into powder, and take 3 qian (approx. 9-15 g) with wine. Recovery is immediate (*Shesheng Fang*).