【发明】时珍曰∶橘核入足厥阴，与青皮同功，故治腰痛 疝在下之病，不独取象于核
也。《和剂局方》治诸疝痛及内 ，卵肿偏坠，或硬如石，或肿至溃，有橘核丸，用之有效
。品味颇多，详见本方。
【附方】新一。
腰痛∶橘核、杜仲各二两（炒）。研末。每服二钱，盐酒下。（《简便方》）
叶
【气味】苦，平，无毒。
【主治】导胸膈逆气，入厥阴，行肝气，消肿散毒，乳痈胁痛，用之行经（震亨）。
【附方】新一。
肺痈∶绿橘叶，洗，捣绞汁一盏，服之。吐出脓血即愈。（《经验良方》）
（宋《开宝》）
【释名】木奴。
志曰∶柑，未经霜时犹酸，霜后甚甜，故名柑子。
时珍曰∶汉李衡种柑于武陵洲上，号为木奴焉。
【集解】炳曰∶乳柑出西戎者佳。
志曰∶柑生岭南及江南，树似橘，实亦似橘而圆大，皮色生青熟黄赤。惟乳柑皮入药，
山
藏器曰∶柑有朱柑、黄柑、乳柑、石柑、沙柑。橘有朱橘、乳橘、塌橘、山橘、黄淡子
。此辈皮皆去气调中，实俱堪食，就中以乳柑为上也。
时珍曰∶柑，南方果也，而闽、广、温、台、苏、抚、荆州为盛，川蜀虽有不及之。其
树无异于橘，但刺少耳。柑皮比橘色黄而稍浓，理稍粗而味不苦。橘可久留，柑易腐败。柑
树畏冰雪，橘树略可。此柑、橘之异也。柑、橘皮，今人多混用，不可不辨，详见橘下。案
∶韩彦直《橘谱》云∶乳柑，出温州诸邑，惟泥山者为最，以其味似乳酪故名。彼人呼为真
柑，似以它柑为假矣。其木婆娑，其叶纤长，其花香韵，其实圆正，肤理如泽蜡，其大六、
七寸，其皮薄而味珍，脉不粘瓣，食不留滓，一颗仅二、三核，亦有全无者，擘之香雾 人
，为柑中绝品也。生枝柑，形不圆，色青肤粗，味带微酸，留之枝间，可耐久也，俟味变甘
，乃带叶折，故名。海红柑，树小而颗极大，有围及尺者，皮浓色红，可久藏，今狮头柑亦
是其类也。洞庭柑，种出洞庭山，皮细味美，其熟最早也。甜柑，类洞庭而大，每颗必八瓣
，不待霜而黄也。木柑，类洞庭，肤粗顽，瓣大而少液，故谓之木也。朱柑，类洞庭而大，
色绝嫣红，其味酸，人不重之。馒头柑，近蒂起如馒头尖，味香美也。
【气味】甘，大寒，无毒。颂曰∶冷。
志曰∶多食令人肺冷生痰，脾冷发痼癖，大肠泻利，发阴汗。
【主治】利肠胃中热毒，解丹石，止暴渴，利小便（《开宝》）。
【附方】新一。
难产∶柑橘瓤，阴干，烧存性，研末。温酒服二钱。（《集效》）
皮
【气味】辛、甘，寒，无毒。
时珍曰∶橘皮苦辛温，柑皮辛甘寒。外形虽似，而气味不同。
诜曰∶多食令肺燥。
【主治】下气调中（藏器）。解酒毒及酒渴，去白，焙研末，点汤入盐饮之（大明）。治
产后肌浮，为末酒服（藏器）。伤寒饮食劳复者，浓煎汁服（时珍）。山柑皮∶治咽喉痛，效
（《
核
【主治】作涂面药（《苏颂》）。
叶
【主治】 耳流水或脓血。取嫩头七个，入水数滴，杵取汁滴之，即愈（蔺氏）。
[Invention] Li Shizhen stated: Juhé (Citrus reticulata Seed) enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian and has the same efficacy as Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel), thus it can treat lower back pain and hernia located in the lower body. This is not merely based on the symbolic association with the seed. The *Heji Jufang* (Formulas of the Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy) contains Juhé Wan (Tangerine Seed Pill) for treating various hernias, internal swelling, testicular descent, hardness like stone, or swelling leading to ulceration, which is effective. There are many varieties; see the original formula for details.
[Attached Formula] New one.
Lower Back Pain: Juhé (Citrus reticulata Seed) and Duzhong (Eucommia Bark), each 2 liang, stir-fried. Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, washed down with salted wine. (*Jianbian Fang*)
Leaf
[Flavor and Nature]: Bitter, Neutral, Non-toxic.
[Indications]: Guides rebellious Qi in the chest and diaphragm, enters the Jueyin meridian, moves Liver Qi, reduces swelling and dissipates toxicity. Used for mastitis (Ru Yong) and hypochondriac pain, combined with herbs that regulate menstruation (Zhen Heng).
[Attached Formula] New one.
Lung Abscess: Green tangerine leaves, wash, crush and squeeze to obtain one cup of juice. Ingest. Recovery occurs when pus and blood are vomited out. (*Jingyan Liangfang*)
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names]: Munu.
Tao Hongjing said: When unripe, the citrus fruit is sour; after frost, it becomes very sweet, hence the name Ganzi.
Li Shizhen said: In the Han Dynasty, Li Heng planted citrus trees on Wuling Island, known as "Munu."
[Collected Explanations] Su Song said: Rungan from Western Regions is the best.
Tao Hongjing said: Citrus grows in Lingnan and Jiangnan. The tree resembles the tangerine tree, and the fruit resembles a tangerine but is rounder and larger. The skin is green when raw and yellow-red when ripe. Only the peel of Rungan is used medicinally.
Meng Shen said: There are Zhugan, Huanggan, Rungan, Shigan, and Shagan. There are Zhuju, Ruju, Taju, Shanju, and Huangdanzi. The peels of these varieties all regulate Qi and harmonize the middle jiao, and their fruits are edible. Among them, Rungan is the finest.
Li Shizhen said: Citrus is a southern fruit, abundant in Fujian, Guangdong, Wenzhou, Taizhou, Suzhou, Fuzhou, and Jingzhou. Sichuan produces less. The tree is no different from the tangerine tree, except having fewer thorns. The peel of citrus is yellower and slightly thicker than that of tangerine, with coarser texture and non-bitter taste. Tangerines can be stored long-term, while citrus spoils easily. Citrus trees fear ice and snow, whereas tangerine trees are slightly more resistant. This is the difference between citrus and tangerine. Nowadays, people often mix citrus peel and tangerine peel, which must be distinguished; see under the entry for Tangerine. Note: Han Yanzhi's *Ju Pu* states: Rungan comes from counties in Wenzhou, with those from Ni Mountain being the best, named so because its taste resembles milk curds. Locals call it True Citrus, regarding others as fake. Its branches are luxuriant, leaves slender, flowers fragrant, fruits round and regular, skin waxy and glossy, diameter six to seven cun, peel thin and delicious, segments do not stick to the peel, no residue left after eating, containing only two or three seeds, or none at all. Breaking it open releases a fragrant mist, making it the supreme variety. Shengzhigan grows on branches, shape not round, skin green and coarse, taste slightly sour, stays on branches for a long time, picked with leaves only when sweet, hence the name. Haihong gan has small trees but huge fruits, some up to one chi circumference, thick red skin, storable long-term; Lion Head Citrus belongs to this category. Dongting gan originates from Dongting Mountain, fine skin, beautiful taste, ripens earliest. Tiangan is similar to Dongting but larger, always eight segments, turns yellow without frost. Mugan is similar to Dongting, rough hard skin, large segments with little juice, hence "Wood". Zhugan is similar to Dongting but larger, extremely red, sour taste, not valued. Mantou gan has a bun-like protrusion near the stem, fragrant and delicious.
[Flavor and Nature]: Sweet, Greatly Cold, Non-toxic. Su Song said: Cold.
Tao Hongjing said: Overconsumption causes cold lungs and phlegm, cold spleen with stubborn masses, diarrhea, and sweating in the yin regions.
[Indications]: Clears heat and toxins in the intestines and stomach, resolves Dan-Shi drug toxicity, stops sudden thirst, promotes urination (*Kaibao Bencao*).
[Attached Formula] New one.
Dystocia: Citrus pulp, dried in shade, burned until carbonized (preserving nature), ground into powder. Take 2 qian with warm wine. (*Jixiao Fang*)
Peel
[Flavor and Nature]: Pungent, Sweet, Cold, Non-toxic.
Li Shizhen said: Tangerine peel is Pungent, Bitter, Warm; Citrus peel is Pungent, Sweet, Cold. Although they look similar externally, their flavors and natures differ.
Meng Shen said: Overconsumption dries the lungs.
[Indications]: Descends Qi and harmonizes the middle jiao (Meng Shen). Resolves alcohol toxicity and post-drinking thirst, removes white membrane, roasted, ground, taken with water and salt (Sun Simiao). Treats postpartum edema, taken as powder with wine (Meng Shen). For relapse of Shanghan disease due to diet or labor, take concentrated decoction (Li Shizhen). Shangan peel: Treats sore throat, effective (*Bencao Tujing*).
Seed
[Indications]: Used for facial masks (*Su Song*).
Leaf
[Indications]: Treats otorrhea (ear discharge) or purulent blood. Take seven tender tips, add a few drops of water, pound to extract juice, and drip into the ear. Immediate cure (Lin Shi).