（《本经》上品）
【校正】志曰∶自木部移入此。
【释名】时珍曰∶橘，从 音鹬，谐声也。又云五色为庆，二色为 。 云外赤内黄
、非烟非雾、郁郁纷纷之象。橘实外赤内黄，剖之香雾纷郁，有似乎 云。橘之从 ，又取
此意也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶橘、柚，生江南及山南山谷，十月采。
恭曰∶柚之皮浓味甘，不似橘皮味辛苦。其肉亦如橘，有甘有酸。酸者名胡柑。今俗谓
橙为柚，非矣。案∶郭璞云∶柚似橙而实酢，大于橘。孔安国云∶小曰橘，大曰柚，皆为柑
也。
颂曰∶橘、柚，今江浙、荆襄、湖岭皆有之。木高一、二丈，叶与枳无辨，刺出茎间。
夏初生白花，六、七月成实，至冬黄熟。旧说小为橘，大为柚。今医家乃用黄橘、青橘，不
言柚。岂青橘是柚之类乎？
宗 曰∶橘、柚自是两种。《本草》云∶一名橘皮。后人误加柚字，妄生分别。且青橘
、黄橘治疗尚殊，况柚为别种乎？惟郭璞所言，乃真识橘、柚者。若不如此分别，误以柚皮
为橘皮，是贻无穷之患矣。
时珍曰∶橘、柚，苏恭所说甚是。苏颂不知青橘即橘之未黄者，乃以为柚，误矣。夫橘
、柚、柑三者相类而不同。橘实小，其瓣味微酢，其皮薄而红，味辛而苦。柑大于橘，其瓣
味甘，其皮稍浓而黄，味辛而甘。柚大小皆如橙，其瓣味酢，其皮最浓而黄，味甘而不甚辛
。如此分之，即不误矣。按∶《事类合璧》云∶橘树高丈许，枝多生刺。其叶两头尖，绿色
光面，大寸余，长二寸许。四月着小白花，甚香。结实至冬黄熟，大者如杯，包中有瓣，瓣
中有核也。宋韩彦直着《橘谱》三卷甚详，其略云∶柑橘出苏州、台州，西出荆州，南出闽
、广、抚州，皆不如温州者为上也。柑品有八，橘品十有四，多是接成。惟种成者，气味尤
胜。黄橘，扁小而多香雾，乃橘之上品也；朱橘，小而色赤如火；绿橘，绀碧可爱，不待霜
后，色味已佳，隆冬采之，生意如新；乳橘，状似乳柑，皮坚瓤多，味绝酸芳；塌橘，状大
而扁，外绿心红，瓣巨多液，经春乃甘美；包橘，外薄内盈，其脉瓣隔皮可数；绵橘，微小，
极软美可受，而不多结；沙橘，细小甘美；油橘，皮似油饰，中坚外黑，乃橘之下品也；早
黄橘，秋半已丹；冻橘，八月开花，冬结春采；穿心橘，实大皮光，而心虚可穿；荔枝橘，
出衡阳，肤理皱密如荔子也。俗传橘下埋鼠，则结实加倍。故《物类相感志》曰∶橘见尸而
实繁。《涅 经》云∶如橘见鼠，其果实多。《周礼》言∶橘逾淮而北∶变为枳，地气然也。
余见柑下。
橘实
【气味】甘、酸，温，无毒
弘景曰∶食之多痰，恐非益也。
原曰∶多食粘膈生痰，滞肺气。
瑞曰∶同螃蟹食，令人患软痈。
【主治】甘者润肺，酸者聚痰（藏器）。止消渴，开胃，除胸中膈气（大明）。
【发明】时珍曰∶橘皮，下气消痰，其肉生痰聚饮，表里之异如此，凡物皆然。今人以
蜜煎橘充果食甚佳，亦可酱菹也。
黄橘皮
【释名】红皮（《汤液》）、陈皮（《食疗》）。
弘景曰∶橘皮疗气大胜。以东橘为好，西江者不如。须陈久者为良。
好古曰∶橘皮以色红日久者为佳，故曰红皮、陈皮。去白者曰橘红也。
【修治】 曰∶凡使勿用柚皮、皱子皮，二件用不得。凡修事，须去白膜一重，锉细
，以鲤鱼皮裹一宿，至明取用。
宗 曰∶《本草》橘、柚作一条，盖传误也。后世不知，以柚皮为橘皮，是贻无穷之患
矣。此乃六陈之一，天下日用所须。今人又多以乳柑皮乱之，不可不择也。柑皮不甚苦，橘
皮极苦，至熟亦苦。或以皮之紧慢分别，又因方土不同，亦互有紧慢也。
时珍曰∶橘皮，纹细色红而薄，内多筋脉，其味苦辛；柑皮，纹粗色黄而浓，内多白膜
，其味辛甘；柚皮，最浓而虚，纹更粗，色黄，内多膜无筋，其味甘多辛少。但以此别之，
即不差矣。橘皮性温，柑、柚皮性冷，不可不知。今天下多以广中来者为胜，江西者次之。
然亦多以柑皮杂之。柑皮犹可用，柚皮则悬绝矣。凡橘皮，入和中理胃药则留白，入下气消
痰药则去白，其说出于《圣济经》。去白者，以白汤入盐洗润透，刮去筋膜，晒干用。亦有
煮焙者，各随本方。
【气味】苦、辛，温，无毒。
【主治】胸中瘕热逆气，利水谷。久服去臭，下气通神（《本经》）。下气，止呕咳，治
气冲胸中，吐逆霍乱，疗脾不能消谷，止泄，除膀胱留热停水，五淋，利小便，去寸白虫（
《别录》）。清痰涎，治上气咳嗽，开胃，主气痢，破症瘕 癖（甄权）。疗呕哕反胃嘈杂，
时吐清水，痰痞 疟，大肠秘塞，妇人乳痈。入食料，解鱼腥毒（时珍）。
【发明】杲曰∶橘皮，气薄味浓，阳中之阴也。可升可降，为脾、肺二经气分药。留白
则补脾胃，去白则理肺气；同白术则补脾胃，同甘草则补肺，独用则泻肺损脾。其体轻浮，
一能导胸中寒邪，二破滞气，三益脾胃。加青皮减半用之，去滞气，推陈致新。但多用久服
，能损元气也。
原曰∶橘皮，能散、能泻、能温、能补、能和，化痰治嗽，顺气理中，调脾快膈，通五
淋，疗酒病，其功当在诸药之上。
时珍曰∶橘皮，苦能泄、能燥，辛能散，温能和。其治百病，总是取其理气燥湿之功。
同补药则补，同泻药则泻，同升药则升，同降药则降。脾乃元气之母，肺乃摄气之 ，故橘
皮为二经气分之药，但随所配而补泻升降也。洁古张氏云∶陈皮、枳壳利其气而痰自下，盖
此义也。同杏仁治大肠气秘，同桃仁治大肠血秘，皆取其通滞也。详见杏仁下。按方勺《泊
宅编》云∶橘皮宽膈降气，消痰饮，极有殊功。他药贵新，惟此贵陈。外舅莫强中令丰城时
得疾，凡食已辄胸满不下，百方不效。偶家人合橘红汤，因取尝之，似相宜，连日饮之。一
日忽觉胸中有物坠下，大惊目瞪，自汗如雨。须臾腹痛，下数块如铁弹子，臭不可闻。自此
胸次廓然，其疾顿愈，盖脾之冷积也。其方∶用橘皮（去穣）一斤，甘草、盐花各四两。水五
碗，慢火煮干，焙研为末，白汤点服。名二贤散，治一切痰气特验。世医徒知半夏、南星之
属，何足以语此哉？珍按∶二贤散，丹溪变之为润下丸，用治痰气有效。惟气实人服之相宜，
气不足者不宜用之也。
【附方】旧八，新二十。
润下丸∶治湿痰，因火泛上，停滞胸膈，咳唾稠粘。陈橘皮半斤（入砂锅内，下盐五钱，
化水淹过，煮干），粉甘草二两（去皮，蜜炙）。各取净末，蒸饼和丸梧桐子大。每服百丸，
白汤下。（丹溪方）
宽中丸∶治脾气不和，冷气客于中，壅遏不通，是为胀满。用橘皮四两，白术二两。为
末
橘皮汤∶治男女伤寒并一切杂病呕哕，手足逆冷者。用橘皮四两，生姜一两。水二升，
煎
嘈杂吐水∶真橘皮去白为末，五更安五分于掌心舐之，即睡，三日必效。皮不真则不验。
（《怪证奇方》）
霍乱吐泻∶不拘男女，但有一点胃气存者，服之再生。广陈皮（去白）五钱，真藿香五
钱。水二盏，煎一盏，时时温服。出《百一选方》。《圣惠》∶用陈橘皮末二钱，汤点服（不
省
反胃吐食∶真橘皮，以日照西壁土炒香，为末。每服二钱，生姜三片，枣肉一枚，水二
钟
猝然食噎∶橘皮一两。汤浸去瓤，焙为末。以水一大盏，煎半盏，热服。（《食医心镜》）
诸气呃噫∶橘皮二两。去瓤，水一升，煎五合，顿服。或加枳壳尤良。（孙尚药方）
痰膈气胀∶陈皮三钱。水煎热服。（杨氏《简便方》）
猝然失声∶橘皮半两，水煎，徐呷。（《肘后方》）
经年气嗽∶橘皮、神曲、生姜（焙干）等分。为末，蒸饼和丸梧桐子大。每服三、五十
丸，食
化食消痰，胸中热气∶用橘皮半两。微熬，为末。水煎代茶，细呷。（《心镜》）
下焦冷气∶干陈橘皮一斤。为末，蜜丸梧桐子大。每食前温酒下三十丸。（《食疗本草》）
香港脚冲心或心下结硬，腹中虚冷∶陈皮一斤，和杏仁五两（去皮尖）熬，少加蜜，捣和
丸
老人气秘∶方同上。（《济生》）
大肠秘塞∶陈皮连白，酒煮，焙，研末。每温酒服二钱，一方米饮下。（《普济》）
途中心痛∶橘皮去白，煎汤饮之，甚良。（谈野翁方）
食鱼蟹毒∶方同上。（《肘后》）
风痰麻木，凡手及十指麻木，大风麻木，皆是湿痰死血∶用橘红一斤，逆流水五碗，煮
烂
脾寒诸疟不拘老少孕妇，只两服便止∶真橘皮（去白，切），生姜自然汁浸过一指，银
器
内重汤煮，焙干，研末。每服三钱，用隔年青州枣十个，水一盏，煎半盏，发前服，以枣下
之。（《适用方》）
小儿疳瘦，久服消食和气，长肌肉∶用陈橘皮一两，黄连（以米泔水浸一日）一两半。
研
末，入麝三分，用猪胆盛药，以浆水煮熟取出，用粟米饭和丸绿豆大。每服一、二十丸，米
饮下。（钱氏《小儿方》）
产后尿秘不通者∶陈皮一两，去白为末。每空心温酒服二钱，一服即通。此张不愚方也
。（《妇人良方》）
产后吹奶∶陈皮一两，甘草一钱。水煎服，即散。
妇人乳痈，未成者即散，已成者即溃，痛不可忍者即不疼，神验不可云喻也∶用真陈橘
皮，汤浸去白晒，面炒微黄，为末。每服二钱，麝香调酒下。初发者一服见效。名橘香散。
（
耳出汁∶陈皮（烧研）一钱，麝香少许。为末。日掺。名立效散。
鱼骨鲠咽∶橘皮，常含，咽汁即下。（《圣惠方》）
嵌甲作痛不能行履者∶浓煎陈皮，汤浸良久，甲肉自离，轻手剪去，以虎骨末敷之即安
。（《医林集要》）
青橘皮
【修治】时珍曰∶青橘皮乃橘之未黄而青色者，薄而光，其气芳烈。今人多以
小柑、小柚、小橙伪为之，不可不慎辨之。入药以汤浸去瓤，切片醋拌，瓦炒过用。
【气味】苦、辛，温，无毒。
【主治】气滞，下食，破积结及膈气（颂）。破坚癖，散滞气，去下焦诸湿，治左胁肝
经积气（元素）。治胸膈气逆，胁痛，小腹疝痛，消乳肿，疏肝胆，泻肺气（时珍）。
【发明】元素曰∶青橘皮气味俱浓，沉而降，阴也。入厥阴、少阳经，治肝胆之病。
杲曰∶青皮，乃足厥阴引经之药，能引食入太阴之仓，破滞削坚，皆治在下之病。有滞
气则破滞气，无滞气则损真气。
好古曰∶陈皮治高，青皮治低，与枳壳治胸膈、枳实治心下同意。
震亨曰∶青皮，乃肝胆二经气分药。故人多怒有滞气，胁下有郁积，或小腹疝疼，用之
以疏通二经，行其气也。若二经实者，当先补而后用之。又云∶疏肝气加青皮，炒黑则入血
分也。
时珍曰∶青橘皮，古无用者，至宋时医家始用之。其色青气烈，味苦而辛，治之以醋，
所谓肝欲散，急食辛以散之，以酸泄之，以苦降之也。陈皮浮而升，入脾、肺气分。青皮沉
而降，入肝、胆气分。一体二用，物理自然也。小儿消积多用青皮，最能发汗，有汗者不可
用。说出杨仁斋《直指方》，人罕知之。
嘉谟曰∶久疟热甚，必结癖块，宜多服清脾汤。内有青皮疏利肝邪，则癖自不结也。
【附方】旧二，新七。
快膈汤治冷膈气及酒食后饱满∶用青橘皮一斤，作四分∶四两用盐汤浸，四两用百沸汤
浸，四两用醋浸，四两用酒浸。各三日取出，去白切丝，以盐一两炒微焦，研末。每用二钱
，以茶末五分，水煎温服。亦可点服。《经验后方》
理脾快气∶青橘皮一斤（晒干焙研末），甘草末一两，檀香末半两。和匀收之。每用一、
二
法制青皮∶常服安神调气，消食解酒益胃，不拘老人小儿。宋仁宗每食后咀数片，乃邢
和璞真人所献，名万年草，刘 改名延年草，仁宗以赐吕丞相。用青皮一斤（浸去苦味，去
瓤，炼净），白盐花五两，炙甘草六两，舶茴香四两。甜水一斗，煮之，不住搅，勿令着底，
候水尽，慢火焙干，勿令焦，去甘草、茴香，只取青皮，密收用。（王氏《易简方》）
疟疾寒热∶青皮一两。烧存性，研末。发前，温酒服一钱，临时再服。（《圣惠方》）
伤寒呃逆，声闻四邻∶四花青皮全者，研末。每服二钱，白汤下。（《医林集要》）
产后气逆∶青橘皮为末。葱白、童子小便煎二钱，服。（《经验后方》）
妇人乳癌∶因久积忧郁，乳房内有核如指头，不痛不痒，五、七年成痈，名乳癌，不可
治
耳出汁∶青皮烧研末，绵包塞之。
唇燥生疮∶青皮，烧研，猪脂调涂。
橘瓤上筋膜
【主治】口渴、吐酒。炒熟，煎汤饮，甚效（大明）。
橘核
【修治】时珍曰∶凡用，须以新瓦焙香，去壳取仁，研碎入药。
【气味】苦，平，
【主治】肾疰腰痛，膀胱气痛，肾冷。炒研，每温酒服一钱，或酒煎服之（大明）。治
酒风、鼻赤。炒研，每服一钱，胡桃肉一个，擂酒服，以知为度（宗 ）。小肠疝气及阴
核肿
(Frankincense Class, Upper Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] Su Song stated: Transferred from the Wood section to this section.
[Names] Li Shizhen said: "Ju" (Citrus reticulata), pronounced like "Yu", is a phonetic compound character. It is also said that five colors constitute "Qing" (auspicious cloud), and two colors constitute "Kui" (a type of cloud). The so-called "Kui cloud" refers to an image that is red on the outside and yellow on the inside, neither smoke nor fog, but dense and swirling. The fruit of Citrus reticulata is red on the outside and yellow on the inside; when cut open, its fragrance swirls densely like mist, resembling the "Kui cloud". The character "Ju" contains the component "Kui", taking this meaning.
[Collection of Explanations] *Bielu* states: Citrus reticulata and Citrus maxima grow in the valleys south of the Yangtze River and in southern mountains, harvested in the tenth lunar month.
Su Gong said: The peel of Citrus maxima is thick and sweet-tasting, unlike the bitter and pungent taste of Citrus reticulata peel. Its flesh is similar to Citrus reticulata, with both sweet and sour varieties. The sour variety is called Hu Gan. Currently, people colloquially refer to Citrus sinensis as Citrus maxima, which is incorrect. According to research: Guo Pu said: Citrus maxima resembles Citrus sinensis but has a sour fruit, and is larger than Citrus reticulata. Kong Anguo said: The small one is called Ju, the large one is called You, both are classified as Gan.
Su Song said: Citrus reticulata and Citrus maxima are now found in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jingxiang, and Huling. The tree is one or two zhang high. The leaves are indistinguishable from Zhi (Poncirus trifoliata), with thorns emerging from the stem. White flowers bloom in early summer, fruits mature in the sixth and seventh months, turning yellow and ripe in winter. Old theories state the small one is Ju and the large one is You. Current physicians use Huang Ju (yellow Citrus reticulata) and Qing Ju (green Citrus reticulata), not mentioning You. Could Qing Ju be a type of You?
Zong Lin said: Citrus reticulata and Citrus maxima are naturally two different species. *Bencao* states: Also known as Ju Pi. Later generations mistakenly added the character "You", creating false distinctions. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of Qing Ju and Huang Ju differ significantly, let alone You being a separate species. Only what Guo Pu said represents true knowledge of Ju and You. If not distinguished thus, mistakenly using You peel as Ju peel will cause endless harm.
Li Shizhen said: Regarding Citrus reticulata and Citrus maxima, Su Gong's explanation is very correct. Su Song did not realize that Qing Ju is simply Citrus reticulata before it turns yellow, mistaking it for You, which was an error. Ju, You, and Gan are similar but distinct. The fruit of Ju is small, segments are slightly sour, peel is thin and red, taste is pungent and bitter. Gan is larger than Ju, segments are sweet, peel is slightly thicker and yellow, taste is pungent and sweet. You is as large as Citrus sinensis, segments are sour, peel is thickest and yellow, taste is sweet and not very pungent. Distinguishing them this way prevents errors. According to *Shilei Hebi*: The Citrus reticulata tree is about one zhang high, branches have many thorns. Leaves are pointed at both ends, green and glossy, over one cun wide, about two cun long. Small white flowers appear in April, very fragrant. Fruits ripen yellow in winter, large ones like a cup, containing segments with seeds. Han Yanzhi's *Ju Pu* (Three Volumes) is very detailed. Briefly: Citrus and Kumquat originate from Suzhou, Taizhou; west to Jingzhou; south to Fujian, Guangdong, Fuzhou. None surpass those from Wenzhou. There are eight varieties of Gan and fourteen of Ju, mostly grafted. Those grown from seed have superior flavor. Huang Ju is flat, small, and fragrant, the top grade; Zhu Ju is small and red as fire; Lv Ju is dark blue-green, lovely without waiting for frost, color and taste excellent even in deep winter; Ru Ju resembles milk gan, hard peel, many segments, extremely sour and fragrant; Ta Ju is large and flat, green outside, red inside, large segments juicy, sweet in spring; Bao Ju is thin outside, full inside, veins and segment walls countable through skin; Mian Ju is tiny, very soft and delicious, but rarely fruits; Sha Ju is small, fine, and sweet; You Ju has oily-looking peel, firm center, black exterior, the bottom grade; Zao Huang Ju turns red in mid-autumn; Dong Ju blooms in August, fruits in winter, harvested in spring; Chuan Xin Ju is large, smooth-skinned, hollow center; Lizhi Ju originates from Hengyang, skin texture wrinkled and dense like lychee. Folklore says burying a mouse under a citrus tree doubles the yield. Thus, *Wulei Xianggan Zhi* says: Citrus fruits multiply upon seeing a corpse. *Niepan Jing* says: Like citrus seeing a mouse, its fruit increases. *Zhou Li* states: Citrus crossing north of the Huai River becomes Poncirus trifoliata due to local climate. I have seen related notes under the Gan entry.
Ju Shi (Citrus reticulata Fruit)
[Taste and Property] Sweet, Sour, Warm, Non-toxic.
Tao Hongjing said: Eating too much generates phlegm, likely not beneficial.
Li Yuan said: Excessive consumption causes stagnation in the diaphragm and phlegm generation, obstructing Lung Qi.
Li Rui said: Consumed with crab, it causes soft carbuncles.
[Indications] Sweet ones moisten the Lungs; sour ones gather phlegm (Zang Ceng). Stop thirst, open the stomach, remove chest diaphragm Qi stagnation (Da Ming).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Ju Pi (Citrus reticulata Peel) directs Qi downward and resolves phlegm, while its flesh generates phlegm and gathers fluids. This difference between surface and interior applies to all things. Currently, people preserve Citrus reticulata in honey as a snack, which is excellent; it can also be made into pickles.
Huang Ju Pi (Yellow Citrus reticulata Peel)
[Names] Hong Pi (Red Peel, *Tangye*), Chen Pi (Aged Peel, *Shiliao*).
Tao Hongjing said: Citrus reticulata peel greatly treats Qi disorders. Eastern Citrus reticulata is good; Western Jiang one is inferior. Aged peel is best.
Li Gao said: Citrus reticulata peel is best when red and aged long, hence called Hong Pi and Chen Pi. Removing the white layer is called Ju Hong.
[Preparation] Lei Xiao said: Do not use You peel or Zhou Zi peel; they are unusable. In processing, remove one layer of white membrane, chop finely, wrap in carp skin overnight, and use the next morning.
Zong Lin said: *Bencao* lists Ju and You together, likely a transmission error. Later generations, unaware, used You peel as Ju peel, causing endless harm. This is one of the "Six Aged Herbs," essential for daily use. People often mix in Ru Gan peel, so careful selection is necessary. Gan peel is not very bitter; Ju peel is extremely bitter, even when ripe. Some distinguish by tightness of peel, which varies by region.
Li Shizhen said: Ju Pi has fine texture, red color, and is thin, with many internal veins, tasting bitter and pungent. Gan peel has coarse texture, yellow color, and is thick, with many white membranes, tasting pungent and sweet. You peel is thickest and hollow, coarser texture, yellow, internal membranes without veins, tasting sweet with little pungency. Distinguishing by these features ensures accuracy. Ju Pi is Warm; Gan and You peels are Cold, which must be known. Currently, Guangzhong (Guangdong) origin is considered best, followed by Jiangxi. However, Gan peel is often mixed in. Gan peel is still usable; You peel is vastly different. For Ju Pi, retain the white pith for harmonizing and regulating Stomach medicines; remove it for directing Qi downward and resolving phlegm medicines. This theory comes from *Shengji Jing*. To remove the white part: wash with warm salt water until permeable, scrape off fascia, dry, and use. Alternatively, boil and dry according to the formula.
[Taste and Property] Bitter, Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Heat and rebellious Qi in the chest, promotes digestion of water and grain. Long-term use removes bad breath, directs Qi downward, and spirit-connecting (*Benjing*). Directs Qi downward, stops vomiting and cough, treats Qi rushing to the chest, vomiting and cholera, spleen inability to digest food, stops diarrhea, removes heat and stagnant water in the Bladder, treats the Five Stranguries, promotes urination, removes Taenia (*Bielu*). Clears saliva and phlegm, treats upper Qi cough, opens the stomach, treats Qi dysentery, breaks masses and accumulations (Zhen Quan). Treats hiccups, regurgitation, heartburn, frequent spitting of clear fluid, phlegm distension, malaria, large intestine constipation, and breast abscess in women. As a food seasoning, resolves fish toxicity (Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Gao said: Ju Pi has thin Qi and strong Flavor, Yin within Yang. It can ascend and descend, acting on the Qi level of the Spleen and Lung meridians. Retaining the white part tonifies the Spleen and Stomach; removing it regulates Lung Qi; combined with Baizhu it tonifies Spleen/Stomach; combined with Gancao it tonifies Lung; used alone it drains Lung and damages Spleen. Its nature is light and floating; it can guide cold evil from the chest, break stagnant Qi, and benefit the Spleen/Stomach. Used with half dose of Qingpi, it removes stagnant Qi and promotes renewal. However, long-term heavy use damages Yuan Qi.
Yuan said: Ju Pi can disperse, drain, warm, tonify, and harmonize. It transforms phlegm, treats cough, smooths Qi, regulates the middle, harmonizes Spleen, relieves chest distension, unblocks the Five Stranguries, treats alcohol disease. Its merit surpasses other herbs.
Shizhen said: Ju Pi's bitterness allows draining and drying; pungency allows dispersing; warmth allows harmonizing. Its treatment of various diseases relies on regulating Qi and drying dampness. Combined with tonics, it tonifies; with purgatives, it purges; with ascending agents, it ascends; with descending agents, it descends. The Spleen is the mother of Yuan Qi; the Lung governs Qi intake. Thus, Ju Pi acts on the Qi level of these two meridians, varying its effect based on combination. Jiegu Zhangshi said: Chen Pi and Zhike promote Qi flow so phlegm descends naturally. This principle applies. Combined with Xingren for large intestine Qi constipation; combined with Taoren for Blood constipation, both utilizing their ability to unblock stagnation. See Xingren entry. Fang Shuo's *Bozhai Bian* states: Ju Pi widens the diaphragm, directs Qi down, resolves phlegm-fluids, with remarkable efficacy. Other herbs value freshness; this one values age. My father-in-law Mo Qiang, when magistrate of Fengcheng, suffered from chest fullness after eating despite numerous treatments. A family member prepared Ju Hong Tang; he tried it, felt suitable, and drank it for days. Suddenly, he felt something drop in his chest, eyes wide, sweating profusely. Soon abdominal pain, passing several iron-ball-like masses, foul-smelling. His chest cleared, and the disease vanished instantly; this was cold accumulation in the Spleen. Formula: Ju Pi (de-seeded) 1 jin, Gancao and Yanhua (salt crystals) 4 liang each. Water 5 bowls, slow-boil until dry, dry-roast, powder. Take with warm water. Named Erxian San, highly effective for all phlegm-Qi disorders. Physicians only know Banxia and Nanxing; how can they discuss this? Note: Danxi transformed Erxian San into Runxia Wan, effective for phlegm-Qi. Suitable only for those with excess Qi; not for deficiency.
[Attached Formulas] 8 old, 20 new.
Runxia Wan: Treats damp-phlegm rising due to fire, stagnating in chest/diaphragm, sticky sputum. Chen Ju Pi 8 liang (in clay pot, cover with 5 qian salt dissolved in water, boil dry), Fen Gancao 2 liang (peeled, honey-fried). Take pure powders, mix with steamed dough pills size of wutong seeds. Take 100 pills with warm water. (Danxi Formula)
Kuanzhong Wan: Treats Spleen Qi disharmony, cold evil invading middle, obstruction causing distension. Ju Pi 4 liang, Baizhu 2 liang. Powder.
Ju Pi Tang: Treats men/women with Shanghan or miscellaneous diseases with vomiting/hiccups and cold extremities. Ju Pi 4 liang, Shengjiang 1 liang. Water 2 sheng, decoct...
Zaotuo Tushui: Real Ju Pi, remove white, powder. At dawn, place 5 fen on palm, lick, then sleep. Effective in 3 days. Fake peel is ineffective. (*Guai Zheng Qi Fang*)
Huoluan Tuxie: Men/women, if any Stomach Qi remains, can revive. Guang Chen Pi (remove white) 5 qian, Zhen Huoxiang 5 qian. Water 2 zhan, decoct to 1 zhan, take warm frequently. From *Baiyi Xuanfang*. *Shenghui*: Chen Ju Pi powder 2 qian, taken with water (for unconscious patients).
Fanwei Tushi: Real Ju Pi, stir-fry with soil from west wall exposed to sun until fragrant, powder. Take 2 qian, Shengjiang 3 slices, Jujube pulp 1 piece, water 2 zhong...
Curan Shiye: Ju Pi 1 liang. Soak in water, remove pith, dry, powder. Water 1 da zhan, decoct to 1/2 zhan, take hot. (*Shiyi Xinjing*)
Zhuqi Eyi: Ju Pi 2 liang. Remove pith, water 1 sheng, decoct to 5 he, take in one dose. Add Zhike for better effect. (Sun Shangyao Formula)
Tan Ge Qi Zhang: Chen Pi 3 qian. Decoct in water, take hot. (Yang Shi *Jianbian Fang*)
Curan Shisheng: Ju Pi 0.5 liang. Decoct in water, sip slowly. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Jingnian Qisou: Ju Pi, Shenqu, Shengjiang (dry-roasted) equal parts. Powder, mix with steamed dough pills size of wutong seeds. Take 30-50 pills with meal...
Huashi Xiaotan, Xiongzhong Reqi: Ju Pi 0.5 liang. Lightly roast, powder. Decoct in water as tea, sip slowly. (*Xinjing*)
Xiajiao Lengqi: Dry Chen Ju Pi 1 jin. Powder, honey pills size of wutong seeds. Take 30 pills with warm wine before meals. (*Shiliao Bencao*)
Hongjiaochongxin or Xin Xia Jieying, Fuzhong Xueleng: Chen Pi 1 jin, Xingren 5 liang (remove skin/tip) simmer, add little honey, mash and pill...
Laoren Qibi: Same formula above. (*Jisheng*)
Dachang Mise: Chen Pi with white, boil in wine, dry, powder. Take 2 qian with warm wine, or rice water. (*Puji*)
Tuchu Xin Tong: Ju Pi remove white, decoct water to drink, very good. (Tan Yeweng Formula)
Shi Yu Xie Du: Same formula above. (*Zhouhou*)
Fengtan Mabu, hand/finger numbness, big wind numbness, all damp-phlegm and dead blood: Ju Hong 1 jin, Ni Liu Shui 5 bowls, boil until soft...
Pi Han Zhu Mie (all ages/pregnant women, stop in 2 doses): Real Ju Pi (remove white, slice), fresh Ginger juice soaking one finger joint, boil in silver vessel over double boiler, dry, powder. Take 3 qian, with 10 Qingzhou Jujubes from previous year, water 1 zhan, decoct to 1/2 zhan, take before attack, guided down by jujube. (*Shiyong Fang*)
Xiao'er Gan Shou, long-term use digests food, harmonizes Qi, builds muscle: Chen Ju Pi 1 liang, Huanglian (soaked in rice wash water 1 day) 1.5 liang. Powder, add She Xiang 3 fen, hold medicine in pig gallbladder, cook in Jiangshui, take out, mix with millet rice pills size of mung beans. Take 10-20 pills with rice water. (Qian Shi *Xiao'er Fang*)
Chanhou Mi Bu Tong: Chen Pi 1 liang, remove white, powder. Take 2 qian with warm wine on empty stomach,通畅 after one dose. Zhang Buyu's formula. (*Furen Liangfang*)
Chanhou Chuinai: Chen Pi 1 liang, Gancao 1 qian. Decoct in water, dissipates immediately.
Furen Ruyong, unformed dissipates, formed suppurates, unbearable pain stops, miraculous: Real Chen Ju Pi, soak in water, remove white, dry, stir-fry with flour until slightly yellow, powder. Take 2 qian, mix with She Xiang and wine. First onset effective in one dose. Named Juxiang San. (...)
Er Chu Zhi: Chen Pi (burned/powdered) 1 qian, She Xiang少许. Powder. Apply daily. Named Lixiao San.
Yu Gu Geng Yan: Ju Pi, constantly hold in mouth, swallow juice, bone passes. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Qianjia Tongtong, unable to walk: Strong decoction of Chen Pi, soak in water for long time, nail separates from flesh, gently cut off, apply Tiger Bone powder to settle. (*Yilin Jiyao*)
Qing Ju Pi (Green Citrus reticulata Peel)
[Preparation] Li Shizhen said: Qing Ju Pi is Citrus reticulata before turning yellow, green. Thin and glossy, aromatic and strong scent. Often counterfeited with small Gan, small You, small Cheng. Must distinguish carefully. For medicine: soak in water, remove pith, slice, mix with vinegar, stir-fry in tile pan.
[Taste and Property] Bitter, Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Qi stagnation, aids digestion, breaks accumulations and diaphragm Qi (Song). Breaks hardness and masses, disperses stagnant Qi, removes lower Jiao dampness, treats left hypochondriac Liver meridian Qi accumulation (Yuansu). Treats chest/diaphragm rebellious Qi, hypochondriac pain, lower abdominal hernia pain, reduces breast swelling, soothes Liver/Gallbladder, drains Lung Qi (Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Yuansu said: Qing Ju Pi has strong taste and Qi, sinks and descends, Yin nature. Enters Jueyin and Shaoyang meridians, treats Liver/Gallbladder diseases.
Gao said: Qingpi is the guiding herb for Foot Jueyin, guides food into Taiyin granary, breaks stagnation and hardness, treating lower body diseases. If there is stagnant Qi, it breaks it; if no stagnant Qi, it damages true Qi.
Haogu said: Chen Pi treats upper areas; Qingpi treats lower areas, same logic as Zhike for chest/diaphragm and Zhishi for epigastrium.
Zhenheng said: Qingpi acts on the Qi level of Liver and Gallbladder meridians. People with anger/stagnant Qi, hypochondriac depression, or lower abdominal hernia pain use it to unblock these meridians and move Qi. If excess in these meridians, tonify first then use. Also: To soothe Liver Qi add Qingpi; charred black, it enters Blood level.
Shizhen said: Qing Ju Pi was unused in ancient times, used by Song physicians. Green color, strong scent, bitter/pungent taste. Treated with vinegar: Liver desires dispersion, urgently eat pungent to disperse, sour to drain, bitter to descend. Chen Pi floats and ascends, enters Spleen/Lung Qi level. Qingpi sinks and descends, enters Liver/Gallbladder Qi level. One substance, two uses, natural law. Children's accumulation often uses Qingpi, most capable of inducing sweat; contraindicated if sweating. Source: Yang Renzhai *Zhizhi Fang*, rarely known.
Jiamo said: Chronic malaria with severe heat forms masses, should take Qingpi Tang often. Contains Qingpi to soothe Liver evil, preventing mass formation.
[Attached Formulas] 2 old, 7 new.
Kuai Ge Tang treats cold diaphragm Qi and fullness after food/alcohol: Qing Ju Pi 1 jin, divided into four parts: 4 liang soaked in salt water, 4 liang in boiling water, 4 liang in vinegar, 4 liang in wine. Each for 3 days, take out, remove white, cut strips, stir-fry with 1 liang salt until slightly scorched, powder. Take 2 qian, with 5 fen tea powder, decoct in water, take warm. Can also be mixed. *Jingyan Houfang*
Li Pi Kuai Qi: Qing Ju Pi 1 jin (sun-dried, roasted, powdered), Gancao powder 1 liang, Tanxiang powder 0.5 liang. Mix and store. Take 1-2...
Fa Zhi Qingpi: Daily use calms spirit, regulates Qi, digests food, resolves alcohol, benefits Stomach, for elderly/children. Emperor Renzong of Song chewed several slices after meals, offered by Xing Hepu Zhenren, named Wannian Cao, renamed Yannian Cao by Liu..., bestowed by Renzong to Chancellor Lu. Qing Pi 1 jin (soak to remove bitterness, remove pith, refine), Bai Yanhua 5 liang, Roasted Gancao 6 liang, Bo Huixiang 4 liang. Sweet water 1 dou, boil, stir constantly, do not touch bottom, wait until water evaporates, slow-dry, do not burn, remove Gancao/Huixiang, keep only Qingpi, store tightly. (Wang Shi *Yijian Fang*)
Mie Ji Hanre: Qing Pi 1 liang. Burn to retain nature, powder. Before attack, take 1 qian with warm wine, repeat as needed. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Shanghan E Ni, sound heard by neighbors: Whole Si Hua Qing Pi, powder. Take 2 qian with warm water. (*Yilin Jiyao*)
Chanhou Qi Ni: Qing Ju Pi powder. Scallion white and child urine decoct 2 qian, take. (*Jingyan Houfang*)
Furen Ru Ai: Due to long-term depression, nodule in breast like finger, painless/itchless, becomes abscess in 5-7 years, named Ru Ai, incurable...
Er Chu Zhi: Qing Pi burned/powdered, pack in cotton.
Chun Zao Sheng Chuang: Qing Pi, burned/powdered, mix with pig fat for application.
Ju Rang Shang Jin Mo (Membrane on Citrus Flesh)
[Indications] Thirst, vomiting alcohol. Roast, decoct water to drink, very effective (Da Ming).
Ju He (Citrus Seed)
[Preparation] Li Shizhen said: Use new tile to roast until fragrant, remove shell, take kernel, crush for medicine.
[Taste and Property] Bitter, Neutral,
[Indications] Kidney Bi lower back pain, Bladder Qi pain, Kidney cold. Roast/crush, take 1 qian with warm wine, or decoct in wine (Da Ming). Treats Jiu Feng, red nose. Roast/crush, take 1 qian per dose, with one Walnut meat, pound with wine, take until effective (Zong...). Small intestine hernia and scrotal swelling...