天水类一十三种。
（《拾遗》）
【释名】（时珍曰）∶地气升为云，天气降为雨，故人之汗，以天地之雨名之。
【气味】咸，平，无毒。
立春雨水 【主治】夫妻各饮一杯，还房，当获时有子，神效。（藏器）宜煎发散及补
中
益气药。（时珍）【发明】时珍曰∶虞抟《医学正传》云∶立春节雨水，其性始是春升生发之
气，故可以煮中气不足、清气不升之药。古方妇人无子，是日夫妇各饮一杯，还房有孕，亦
取其资始发育万物之义也。
梅雨水 【主治】洗疮疥，灭瘢痕，入酱易熟。（藏器）【发明】藏器曰∶江淮以南，地
气卑湿，五月上旬连下旬尤甚。《月令》土润溽暑，是五月中气。过此节以后，皆须曝书画。
梅雨沾衣，便腐黑。浣垢如灰汁，有异他水。但以梅叶汤洗之乃脱，余并不脱。时珍曰∶梅
雨或作霉雨，言其沾衣及物，皆生黑霉也。芒种后逢壬为入梅，小暑后逢壬为出梅。又以三
月为迎梅雨，五月为送梅雨。此皆湿热之气，郁遏熏蒸，酿为霏雨。人受其气则生病，物受
其气则生霉，故此水不可造酒醋。其土润溽暑，乃六月中气，陈氏之说误矣。
液雨水 【主治】杀百虫，宜煎杀虫消积之药（时珍）。【发明】时珍曰∶立冬后十日为
入液，至小雪为出液，得雨谓之液雨，亦曰药雨。百虫饮此皆伏蛰，至来春雷鸣起蛰乃出也。
There are thirteen types of Heavenly Water.
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
[Names] (Li Shizhen states): Earthly qi rises to form clouds, and heavenly qi descends to form rain; thus, human sweat is named after the rain of heaven and earth.
[Taste and Properties] Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
Rainwater at the Beginning of Spring [Therapeutic Actions] If husband and wife each drink one cup and engage in sexual intercourse, conception should occur at the appropriate time, with miraculous efficacy. (Chen Zangqi) It is suitable for decocting herbs that release the exterior and tonify middle qi while raising clear yang. (Li Shizhen) [Elucidation] Li Shizhen states: Yu Bo records in *Yixue Zhengzhuan* (Correct Transmission of Medicine): Rainwater at the Beginning of Spring possesses the initial qi of spring rising and generating; therefore, it can be used to decoct herbs treating insufficiency of middle qi and failure of clear yang to ascend. In ancient prescriptions for female infertility, if the couple drinks one cup each on this day and engages in intercourse, pregnancy may result, also taking advantage of its meaning of assisting the beginning and development of all things.
Plum Rainwater [Therapeutic Actions] Wash sores and scabies, eliminate scars, and make sauces easier to cook. (Chen Zangqi) [Elucidation] Chen Zangqi states: South of the Jianghuai region, the terrain is low and damp, especially from early to late May. The *Rites of Zhou* mentions "moist soil and muggy heat," which corresponds to the mid-month solar term. After this period, calligraphy and paintings must be sun-dried. Plum rain dampens clothes, causing them to rot and turn black. Washing stains with this water is like using lye, differing from other waters. Only washing with plum leaf tea removes the stains; other waters fail to do so. Li Shizhen states: Plum rain is sometimes written as "moldy rain," indicating that it causes clothes and objects to grow black mold. The first Ren day after Mangzhong (Grain in Ear) marks the start of plum rains, and the first Ren day after Xiaoshu (Minor Heat) marks the end. March is considered the welcoming plum rain, and May the sending-off plum rain. These are all humid and hot qi, constrained and steaming, brewing into drizzle. Humans contracting this qi fall ill, and objects contracting it develop mold; thus, this water cannot be used to brew wine or vinegar. The phrase "moist soil and muggy heat" refers to the mid-June solar term; Chen's statement is erroneous.
Liquid Rainwater [Therapeutic Actions] Kills various insects; suitable for decocting insect-killing and accumulation-dispersing herbs. (Li Shizhen) [Elucidation] Li Shizhen states: Ten days after Lidong (Start of Winter) is the entry into liquid, ending at Xiaoxue (Minor Snow). Rain obtained during this period is called liquid rain, also known as medicinal rain. All insects drinking this water enter hibernation and emerge only when thunder sounds in the following spring, awakening the hibernating creatures.