（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶海獭生海中。似獭而大如犬，脚下有皮如人胼拇，毛着水不濡。人亦
食其肉。海中又有海牛、海马、海驴等，皮毛在陆地，皆候风潮，犹能毛起。说出《博物志》。
时珍曰∶大 小獭，此亦獭也。今人以其皮为风领，云亚于貂焉。如淳注《博物志》云∶海
头如马，自
（上乌忽切，下女骨切。宋《开宝
【释名】骨 （《说文》）作 ，与肭同）、海狗。
时珍曰∶《唐韵》∶腽肭，肥貌。或作骨 ，讹为骨讷，皆番言也
【集解】藏器曰∶骨 兽，生突厥国，胡人呼为阿慈勃他你。其状似狐而大，长尾。脐
似麝香，黄赤色，如烂骨，从西番来。甄权曰∶腽肭脐，是新罗国海内狗外肾也，连而取之。
李 曰∶按∶《临海志》云∶出东海水中。状若鹿形，头似狗，长尾。每遇日出即浮在
水面，昆仑家以弓矢射之，取其外肾阴干，百日味甘香美也。
颂曰∶今东海旁亦有之。旧说似狐长尾。今沧州所图，乃是鱼类，而豕首两足。其脐红
紫色，上有紫斑点，全不相类，医家多用之。《异鱼图》云∶试其脐，于腊月冲风处，置盂
水浸之，不冻者为真也。
曰∶腽肭脐多伪者。海中有兽号曰水乌龙，海人取其肾，以充腽肭脐，其物自别。真
者，有一对则两重薄皮裹丸核；其皮上自有肉黄毛，一穴三茎；收之器中，年年湿润如新；
或置睡犬头上，其犬忽惊跳若狂者，为真也。
宗 曰∶今出登、莱州。其状非狗非兽，亦非鱼也。但前即似兽而尾即鱼。身有短密淡
青白毛，毛上有深青黑点，久则亦淡。腹胁下全白色。皮浓韧如牛皮，边将多取以饰鞍鞯。
其脐治腹脐积冷、精衰、脾肾劳极有功，不待别试也。似狐长尾之说，盖今人多不识之。
时珍曰∶按《唐书》云∶骨 兽出辽西·营州及结骨国。《一统志》云∶腽肭脐出女直
及三佛齐国。兽似狐，脚高如犬，走如飞。取其肾渍油名腽肭脐。观此，则似狐之说非无也。
盖似狐似鹿者，其毛色尔；似狗者，其足形也；似鱼者，其尾形也。入药用外肾而曰脐者，
连脐取之也。又《异物志》∶ 兽出朝鲜，似狸，苍黑色，无前两足，能捕鼠。郭璞云∶晋
时召陵·扶夷县获一兽，似狗豹文，有角两脚。据此则 有水陆二种，而藏器所谓似狐长尾
者，其此类与？
腽肭脐（一名海狗肾）
【修治】 曰∶用酒浸一日，纸裹炙香锉捣。
时珍曰∶以汉椒、樟脑同收，则不坏。
【气味】咸，大热，无毒。李 曰∶味甘香美，大温。
【主治】鬼气尸疰，梦与鬼交，鬼魅狐魅，心腹痛，中恶邪气，宿血结块， 癖羸瘦（藏
器）。治男子宿症气块，积冷劳气，肾精衰损，多色成劳，瘦悴（《药性》）。补中益肾气，
暖腰膝，助阳气，破症结，疗惊狂痫疾（《日华》）。五劳七伤，阴痿少力，肾虚，背膊劳闷，
面黑精冷，最良（《海药》）。
【发明】时珍曰∶《和剂局方》治诸虚损，有腽肭脐丸；今之滋补丸药中多用之，精不
足者补之以味也。大抵与苁蓉、琐阳之功相近。亦可同糯米、法曲酿酒服。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations]
Chen Cangqi stated: The sea otter lives in the sea. It resembles an otter but is as large as a dog; its feet have skin like human calluses, and its fur does not get wet when touching water. People also eat its meat. In the sea, there are also sea cows, sea horses, and sea donkeys; their pelts on land can raise their hair by waiting for wind and tides. This is said in *Bowuzhi* (Records of Various Things).
Li Shizhen stated: Large otters and small otters are indeed otters. Nowadays, people use their skins to make windproof collars, claiming they are superior to mink fur. As Chun annotated *Bowuzhi*: The head of the Hai Tou [Sea Otter] resembles a horse. Pronunciation: upper character 'wu' cut at 'hu', lower character 'nu' cut at 'gu'. Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*...
[Names]
Tan Na Beast (written as "Gu" in *Shuowen Jiezi*, same as "Na"), Sea Dog.
Li Shizhen stated: *Tang Yun* explains: Tan Na means fat or plump appearance. Sometimes written as "Gu", erroneously transcribed as "Gu Ne"; these are all transliterations from foreign languages.
[Collected Explanations]
Chen Cangqi stated: The Tan Na beast is produced in the Turkic states, where Hu people call it Acibote Ni. Its shape resembles a fox but is larger, with a long tail. Its umbilical region smells like musk, is yellowish-red, resembling rotten bone, and comes from Western Fan regions. Zhen Quan stated: Tan Na Qi (Umbilicus), is the testicles of the sea dog from Silla, taken connected to the umbilicus.
Li Xun stated: According to *Linhai Zhi*: Produced in the waters of the East Sea. Shape resembles a deer, head like a dog, long tail. Whenever the sun rises, it floats on the surface. Kunlun people shoot it with bows and arrows, take its testicles, dry them in the shade, and after one hundred days, the taste becomes sweet and fragrant.
Su Song stated: It is also found along the East Sea coast nowadays. Old descriptions say it resembles a fox with a long tail. The illustration from Cangzhou depicts a fish-like creature with a pig's head and two legs. Its umbilical region is red-purple with purple spots, completely different in appearance, yet physicians often use it. *Yiyu Tu* states: To test the authenticity of its umbilicus, place it in a bowl of water in a windy place during the twelfth lunar month; if it does not freeze, it is genuine.
Kou Zongshi stated: There are many fakes of Tan Na Qi. There is a beast in the sea called Shui Wulong (Water Black Dragon); fishermen take its kidneys to pass off as Tan Na Qi, though the two animals are distinct. Genuine ones have a pair of testicles wrapped in two layers of thin skin; the skin naturally has yellowish fleshy hairs, three strands per pore; stored in containers, they remain moist and new year after year; or if placed on a sleeping dog, the dog will suddenly jump up madly, indicating genuineness.
Tao Zongyi stated: It is now produced in Dengzhou and Laizhou. Its shape is neither dog nor beast, nor fish. The front resembles a beast while the tail resembles a fish. The body has short, dense, pale blue-white fur with dark blue-black spots, which fade over time. The abdomen and flanks are entirely white. The skin is thick and tough like cowhide; border generals often use it to decorate saddles. Its umbilicus is effective for treating cold accumulation in the abdomen and umbilicus, essence depletion, and extreme spleen-kidney exhaustion, without needing further testing. The description of resembling a fox with a long tail is likely because most people today do not recognize it.
Li Shizhen stated: According to *Tang Shu*: The Tan Na beast is produced in Yingzhou west of Liaoxi and the Jiegu state. *Yitong Zhi* states: Tan Na Qi is produced in Wuzhi and Srivijaya. The beast resembles a fox, legs high like a dog, running fast. Taking its kidneys and steeping them in oil is named Tan Na Qi. From this, the description resembling a fox is not baseless. Perhaps those resembling foxes or deer refer to their fur color; those resembling dogs refer to their foot shape; those resembling fish refer to their tail shape. Used medicinally as external kidneys but called umbilicus because they are taken connected to the umbilicus. Furthermore, *Yiwuzhi* records: A certain beast is produced in Korea, resembling a civet cat, grey-black, lacking front two legs, able to catch mice. Guo Pu stated: During the Jin dynasty, a beast was captured in Fuyi County, Shaoling; it resembled a dog with leopard patterns, had horns and two legs. Based on this, there are aquatic and terrestrial varieties; thus, Chen Cangqi's description of resembling a fox with a long tail likely refers to such types?
Tan Na Qi (Also known as Hai Gou Shen / Sea Dog Kidney/Testicle)
[Processing]
Li Xun stated: Soak in wine for one day, wrap in paper, roast until fragrant, then grind and pound.
Li Shizhen stated: Store together with Sichuan pepper and borneol to prevent spoilage.
[Properties and Flavor]
Salty, Great Heat, Non-toxic. Li Xun stated: Taste is sweet and fragrant, Great Warmth.
[Therapeutic Actions]
Ghost qi, corpse transmission, dreaming of sexual intercourse with ghosts, bewitchment by ghosts and foxes, heart and abdominal pain, poisoning by evil qi, stagnation of old blood forming masses, phlegm-stagnation emaciation (Chen Cangqi). Treats men's chronic mass qi blocks, accumulated cold and labor qi, kidney essence depletion, consumption disease due to excessive sexual activity, emaciation and frailty (*Yaoxing Lun*). Tonifies the center and benefits kidney qi, warms waist and knees, assists yang qi, breaks mass formations, treats convulsive madness and epilepsy (*Rihua Bencao*). Five labors and seven injuries, impotence and weakness, kidney deficiency, back and shoulder labor oppression, dark complexion and cold essence, most effective (*Haiyao Bencao*).
[Elucidation]
Li Shizhen stated: *Heji Jufang* (Formulas of the Bureau of Preservatives) treats various deficiencies with Tan Na Qi Pills; it is widely used in modern tonifying pills. Essence insufficiency is supplemented by its rich flavor. Generally, its efficacy is similar to Cistanche Deserticola (Rou Cong Rong) and Herba Cynomorii (Suo Yang). It can also be fermented into wine with glutinous rice and Qu (fermentation starter).