（音滑。《炮炙论》）
【集解】 曰∶海中有兽名曰猾，其髓入油中，油即沾水，水中生火，不可救止，以酒
喷之即灭。不可于屋下收。故曰水中生火，非猾髓而莫能。
时珍曰∶此兽之髓，水中生火，与樟脑相同，其功亦当与樟脑相似也。第今无识之者。
（《别录》下品）
【校正】旧在虫鱼部，今据《尔雅》，移入兽部。
【释名】 鼠（音锥）、老鼠（《纲目
时珍曰∶此即人家常鼠也。以其尖喙善穴，故南阳人谓之 鼠。其寿最长，故俗称老鼠。
其性疑而不果，故曰首鼠。岭南人食而讳之，谓为家鹿。鼠字篆文，象其头、齿、腹、尾之
形。
【集解】弘景曰∶入药用牡鼠，即父鼠也。其胆才死便消，不易得也。
时珍曰∶鼠形似兔而小，青黑色。有四齿而无牙，长须露眼。前爪四，后爪五。尾纹如
织而无毛，长与身等。五脏俱全，肝有七叶，胆在肝之短叶间，大如黄豆，正白色， 而不
垂。《卫生家宝》方言其胆红色者何耶？鼠孕一月而生，多者六七子。惠州獠民取初生闭目
未有毛者，以蜜养之，用献亲贵。挟而食之，声犹唧唧，谓之蜜唧。《淮南子》云∶鱼食巴
豆而死，鼠食巴豆而肥。段成式云∶鼠食盐而身轻，食砒而即死。《易》云∶艮为鼠。《春秋
运斗枢》云∶玉衡星散而为鼠。《抱朴子》云∶鼠寿三百岁。满百岁则色白，善凭人而卜，
名曰仲。能知一年中吉凶，及千里外事。鼠类颇繁。《尔雅》《说文》所载，后世未能悉知；
后世所知者，二书复未尽载。可见格物无穷也。
【附录】 鼠（音终）。郭璞云∶其大如拳，其文如豹。汉武帝曾获得以问终军者。
鼠（音平）
许慎云∶一名KT 鼠（音含）。斑纹。 （音离艾） 孙 云∶小鼠也，相衔而行
。李时珍云∶按《秦州记》及《草木子》皆载群鼠数万，相衔而行，以为鼠妖者，即此也。
（音劬精）
似鼠而小。即今地鼠也。又《尔雅》《说文》有 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 八鼠，
皆无考证。音歉、斯、廷、吠、时、文、鹤、博也。
水鼠
李时珍云∶似鼠而小，食菱、芡、鱼、虾。或云小鱼、小蟹所化也。
冰鼠
东方朔云∶生北荒积冰下。皮毛甚柔，可为席，卧之却寒。肉可作脯，食之已热。
火鼠
李时珍云∶出西域及南海火洲。其山有野火，春夏生，秋冬死。鼠产于中，甚大。其毛
及草木之皮，皆可织布，污则烧之即洁，名火浣布。
鼠（音突）
郭璞云∶鸟鼠同穴山，在今陇西首阳县之西南。其鸟为KT （音涂），状如家雀而黄黑
色。其鼠为 ，状如家鼠而色小黄，尾短。鸟居穴外，鼠居穴内。
鼠（音蹶）
《尔雅》云∶西方有比肩兽焉，与邛邛巨虚比，为啮甘草。即有难，邛邛巨虚负而走。
其名曰 。
李时珍曰∶今契丹及交河北境有跳兔。头、目、毛色皆似兔，而爪足似鼠。前足仅寸许
，后足近尺。尾亦长，其端有毛。一跳数尺，止即 仆，此即 鼠也。土人掘食之。郭璞以
邛邛巨虚为兽名，兔前鼠后。张揖注《汉书》云∶邛邛青兽，状如马。巨虚似骡而小。本草
称巨虚食庵 子而仙，则是物之至骏者也。
牡鼠
【气味】甘，微温，无毒。
《日华》曰∶凉。牝鼠并不入药。
【主治】疗 折，续筋骨，生捣敷之，三日一易（《别录》）。猪脂煎膏，治打扑折伤、
冻疮、汤火伤（诜曰∶腊月以油煎枯，去滓熬膏收用。颂曰∶油煎入蜡，敷汤火伤、灭瘢痕
极良）。治小儿惊痫（《日华》）。五月五日同锻石捣收，敷金疮神效（时珍）。腊月烧之，辟
恶气
【发明】刘完素曰∶鼠善穿而用以治疮 者，因其性而为用也。
【附方】旧六，新六。
鼠 溃烂∶鼠一枚，乱发一鸡子大，以三岁腊月猪脂煎，令消尽，以半涂之，以半酒服。
姚云不传之妙法也。（葛氏）
灭诸瘢痕∶大鼠一枚，以腊猪脂四升，煎至销尽，滤净，日涂三五次。先以布拭赤，避
风。（《普济方》）
疮肿热痛∶灵鼠膏∶用大雄鼠一枚，清油一斤煎焦，滴水不散，滤再煎，下（炒紫）黄
丹五两，柳枝不住搅匀，滴水成珠，下黄蜡一两，熬带黑色成膏，瓷瓶收之，出火毒。每用
摊贴，去痛而凉。（《经验方》）
溃痈不合∶老鼠一枚，烧末敷之。（《千金方》）
蛇骨刺人痛甚∶用死鼠烧敷。（《肘后》）
破伤风病，角弓反张，牙噤肢强∶用鼠一头和尾烧灰，以腊猪脂和敷之。（《梅师》）
项强身急∶取活鼠去五脏，乘热贴之，即瘥也（《肘后》）。
妇人狐瘕∶因月水来，或悲或惊，或逢疾风豪雨被湿，致成狐瘕，精神恍惚，令人月水
不通，胸、胁、腰、背痛，引阴中，小便难，嗜食欲呕，如有孕状。其瘕手足成形者，杀人；
未成者，可治。用新鼠一枚，以新絮裹之，黄泥固住，入地坎中，桑薪烧其上，一日夜取出，
去絮，入桂心末六铢，为末。每酒服二方寸匕。不过二服，当自下。（《外台·素女经》）。
令子易产∶取鼠烧末，井花水服方寸匕，日三。（《子母秘录》）
乳汁清少∶死鼠一头烧末，酒服方寸匕。勿令妇知。（同上）
杖疮肿痛∶未毛鼠同桑椹子入
麻油中浸酿。临时取涂，甚效。（《西湖志》）
汤火伤疮∶小老鼠泥包烧研，菜油调涂之。（谈野翁方）小儿伤乳，腹胀烦闷欲睡∶烧
鼠二枚为末，日服二钱，汤下。（《保幼大全》）
鼠肉（以下并用牡鼠）
【气味】甘，热，无毒。
【主治】小儿哺露大腹，炙食之（《别录》）。
小儿疳疾腹大贪食者，黄泥裹，烧熟去骨，取肉和五味豉汁作羹食之。勿食骨，甚瘦人
（孟诜）。主骨蒸劳极，四肢羸瘦，杀虫及小儿疳瘦。酒熬入药（苏颂）。炙食，治小儿寒热
诸疳（时珍）。
【附方】旧三，新一。
水鼓石水，腹胀身肿者∶以肥鼠一枚，取肉煮粥。空心食之，两三顿即愈。（《心镜》）
小儿症瘕∶老鼠肉煮汁，作粥食之。（姚和众方）
乳汁不通∶鼠肉作羹食，勿令知之。（《产书》）
箭镞入肉∶大雄鼠一枚取肉，薄批焙研。每服二钱，热酒下。疮痒，则出矣。（《集要》）
肝
【主治】箭镞不出，捣涂之。 耳出汁，每用枣核大，乘热塞之，能引虫也（时珍）。
胆
【主治】目暗（弘景）。点目，治青盲雀目不见物。滴耳，治聋（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶癸水之位在子，气通于肾，开窍于耳，注精于瞳子，其标为齿。鼠亦
属子宫癸水，其目夜明，在卦属艮，其精在胆。故胆能治耳聋、青盲，睛能明目，而骨能生
齿，皆肾病也。诸家本草不言鼠胆治聋，而葛洪《肘后方》甚称其妙，云能治三十年老聋，
若猝聋者不过三度也。有人侧卧沥胆入耳，尽胆一个，须臾汁从下耳出。初时益聋，半日乃
瘥矣。后世群方祖此，亦多用之。
【附方】新四。
耳猝聋闭∶以鼠胆汁（二枚）滴之，如雷鸣时即通。（《本事方》）
多年老聋∶《卫生家宝》方∶胜金透关散∶用活鼠一枚系定，热汤浸死，破喉取胆，真
红色者是也；用川乌头（一个炮去皮）、华阴细辛各二钱，胆矾半钱，为末，以胆和匀，再
焙干研细，入麝香半字。用鹅翎管吹入耳中，口含茶水，日二次。十日见效，永除根本。《圣
惠》∶
治久聋。腊月取鼠胆二枚，熊胆一分，水和，旋取绿豆大，滴耳中，日二次。
青盲不见∶雄鼠胆、鲤鱼胆各二枚，和匀，滴之立效。（《圣惠方》）
鼠印（即外肾也）
【主治】令人媚悦（时珍曰∶按南宫从《岣嵝神书》鼠印合欢注云∶雄鼠外肾之上，有
文似印，两肾相对，有符篆朱文九遍者尤佳。以十一、二月，或五月五日、七月七日、正月
朔旦子时，面北向子位，刮取阴干，如篆刻下，佩于青囊中，男左女右，系臂上。人见之无
不欢悦，所求如心也）。
脂
【主治】煎之，亦疗诸疮（弘景）。汤火伤（苏颂）。耳聋（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
久聋∶鼠脂半合，青盐一钱，蚯蚓一条，同和化，以绵蘸捻滴耳中，塞之。（《圣惠方》）
脑
【主治】针棘竹木诸刺，在肉中不出，捣烂浓涂之即出。箭镝针刃在咽喉胸膈诸隐处者，
同肝捣涂之。又涂小儿解颅。以绵裹塞耳，治聋（时珍）。出《肘后》、《总录》）。
头
【主治】 疮鼻 ，汤火伤疮（时珍）。
【附方】旧一，新二。
鼻 脓血∶正月取鼠头烧灰，以腊月猪脂调敷之。（《外台》）
汤火伤灼∶死鼠头，以腊月猪脂煎令消尽，敷之则不作瘢，神效。（《千金方》）
断酒不饮∶腊鼠头烧灰、柳花末等分，每睡时酒服一杯。（《千金》）
目
【主治】明目，能夜读书，术家用之（陶弘景）。
【发明】见胆下。
【附方】旧一。
目涩好眠∶取一目烧研，和鱼膏点入目 。兼以绛囊盛两枚佩之。（《肘后》）
涎
【气味】有毒。坠落食中，食之令人生鼠 ，或发黄如金。
脊骨
【主治】齿折多年不生者，研末，日日揩之，甚效（藏器）。
【发明】见胆下。《雷公炮炙论》序云∶长齿生牙，赖雄鼠之骨末。
【附方】新一。
牙齿疼痛∶老鼠一个去皮，以 砂擦上，三日肉烂化尽，取骨瓦焙为末，入蟾酥二分，
樟脑一钱。每用少许，点牙根上立止。（孙氏《集效方》）
四足及尾
【主治】妇人堕胎易出（《别录》。足∶烧服，
皮
【主治】烧灰，封痈疽口冷不合者。生剥，贴附骨疽疮，即追脓出
粪
弘景曰∶两头尖者是牡鼠屎。
【气味】甘，微寒，无毒。
时珍曰∶有小毒。食中误食，令人目黄成疸。
【主治】小儿疳疾大腹。葱、豉同煎服，治时行劳复（《别录》）。
颂曰∶张仲景及古今名方多用之）。治痫疾，明目（《日华》）。煮服，治伤寒劳复发热，
男子阴易腹痛，通女子月经，下死胎。研末服，治吹奶乳痈，解马肝毒，涂鼠 疮。烧存性，
敷折伤、疔肿诸疮、猫犬伤（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶鼠屎入足厥阴经，故所治皆厥阴血分之病，上列诸证是矣。
【附方】旧八，新十五。
伤寒劳复∶《外台》用雄鼠屎二十枚，豉五合，水二升，煮一升，顿服。《活人书》∶鼠
屎豉汤∶治劳复发热。用雄鼠屎二七枚，栀子十四枚，枳壳三枚。为粗末。水一盏半，葱白
二寸，豉三十粒，煎一盏，分三服。
男子阴易及劳复∶ 鼠屎汤∶用 鼠屎（两头尖者）十四枚，韭根一大把，水二盏，煎
一盏，温服，得粘汗为效。未汗再服。（《南阳活人方》）
大小便秘∶雄鼠屎末，敷脐中，立效。（《普济》）
室女经闭∶牡鼠屎一两炒研，空心温酒服半钱。（《千金方》）
子死腹中∶雄鼠屎二七枚，水三升，煮一升，取汁作粥食。胎即下。（《子母秘录》）
产后阴脱∶以温水洗软，用雄鼠屎烧烟熏之即入。（熊氏）
妇人吹奶∶鼠屎七粒，红枣七枚去核包屎，烧存性，入
麝香少许，温酒调服。（《集要》方）
乳痈初起∶雄鼠屎七枚研末，温酒服，取汗即散。（《寿域方》）
乳痈已成∶用新湿鼠屎、黄连、大黄各等分为末。以黍米粥清和，涂四边，即散。（姚
僧坦方）
鼠 溃坏∶新鼠屎一百粒，收密器中五六十日，杵碎，即敷之，效。（《千金方》）
疔疮恶肿∶鼠屎、乱发等分烧灰，针疮头纳入，大良。（《普济方》）
鬼击吐血，胸腹刺痛∶鼠屎烧末，水服方寸匕。不省者，灌之。（《肘后方》）
折伤瘀血伤损筋骨疼痛∶鼠屎烧末，猪脂和敷，急裹，不过半日痛止。（《梅师方》）
中马肝毒∶雄鼠屎三七枚，和水研，饮之。（《梅师》）
马咬踏疮，肿痛作热∶鼠屎二七枚，故马鞘五寸，和烧研末，猪脂调敷之。（《梅师》）
狂犬咬伤∶鼠屎二升，烧末敷之。（《梅师方》）
猫咬成疮∶雄鼠屎烧灰，油和敷之。曾经效验。（《寿域》）
儿齿不生∶雌鼠屎（两头圆者）三七枚，一日一枚拭其齿。勿食咸酸。或入麝香少许尤
妙。（《短剧》）
小儿白秃∶鼠屎瓦 存性，同轻粉、麻油涂之。（《百一选方》）
小儿盐 ∶鼠屎烧研，水酒空心服之。一岁一钱。
小儿燕窝生疮∶鼠屎研末，香油调搽。
毒蛇伤螫∶野鼠屎，水调涂之。（邵真人《经验方》）
壤土 见土部。
(Sound: huá. *Paozhi Lun*)
[Collected Explanations] Kou Zongshi said: There is a beast in the sea named Hua. Its marrow mixed into oil, when this oil touches water, fire will generate in the water and cannot be extinguished; spraying it with wine will put it out. It should not be stored indoors. Therefore it is said "fire generating in water," and no substance other than Hua's marrow can do this.
Li Shizhen said: The marrow of this beast generates fire in water, which is the same as borneol (Bingpian). Its efficacy should also be similar to borneol. However, no one recognizes it nowadays.
(Twelve species of rodents)
(Listed as Lower Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing · Bie Lu*)
[Correction] Previously classified in the Insect and Fish section, now moved to the Beast section based on *Erya*.
[Names] Shu (Sound: zhuī), Laoshu (Rat/Mouse) (*Bencao Gangmu*)
Li Shizhen said: This is the common rat found in people's homes. Because it has a pointed snout and is good at burrowing, people in Nanyang call it 鼠. Its lifespan is the longest, hence the common name Laoshu.
Its nature is suspicious and indecisive, hence called "Shoushu" (describing hesitation). People in Lingnan eat it but avoid the name, calling it Jialu (House Deer). The seal script character for "Shu" depicts the shape of its head, teeth, belly, and tail.
[Collected Explanations] Tao Hongjing said: For medicinal use, male rats are used, i.e., father rats. Their gallbladders disappear immediately after death and are difficult to obtain.
Li Shizhen said: The rat resembles a rabbit but is smaller, with bluish-black fur. It has four incisors but no molars, long whiskers, and exposed eyes. It has four front claws and five hind claws. Its tail has a woven texture but no hair, and its length equals its body. All five viscera are complete; the liver has seven lobes, and the gallbladder is located between the short lobes of the liver, the size of a soybean, pure white, and does not hang down. Why does *Weisheng Jiabao* say its gallbladder is red? Rats gestate for one month and give birth, often producing six or seven offspring. In Huizhou, ethnic minorities collect newborn blind rats without hair, feed them with honey, and offer them to respected guests. Eaten while held, they still chirp, called "Miji" (Honey Chirpers). *Huainanzi* states: Fish die after eating croton seeds, but rats grow fat after eating them. Duan Chengshi said: Rats become light after eating salt, and die immediately after eating arsenic. *I Ching* says: The Gen trigram represents the rat. *Chunqiu Yundou Shu* says: The star Yuheng dissipates into rats. *Baopuzi* says: Rats live up to three hundred years. After reaching a hundred years, their color turns white, and they are good at divination by relying on humans, named "Zhong." They can predict auspiciousness and inauspiciousness within a year and events a thousand li away. Rat species are numerous. The contents recorded in *Erya* and *Shuowen Jiezi* were not fully known in later generations; what was known in later generations was not fully recorded in these two books. This shows that investigating things is endless.
[Appendix] Zhongshu (Sound: zhōng). Guo Pu said: It is fist-sized, with patterns like a leopard. Emperor Wu of Han once obtained it and asked Zhong Jun about it.
Pingshu (Sound: píng)
Xu Shen said: Also known as KT Shu (Sound: hán). Spotted pattern. (Sound: lí ài) Sun Yan said: Small mouse, walking while holding each other.
Li Shizhen said: According to *Qinzhou Ji* and *Caomu Zi*, tens of thousands of rats were recorded walking while holding each other, considered rat demons, which refers to this.
Qujingshu (Sound: qú jīng)
Smaller than a rat. It is the current ground squirrel. Additionally, *Erya* and *Shuowen Jiezi* mention eight types of rats: , , , , , , , , which cannot be verified. Pronounced as qiàn, sī, tíng, fèi, shí, wén, hè, bó.
Water Rat
Li Shizhen said: Smaller than a rat, eats water caltrop, lotus root, fish, and shrimp. Some say it transforms from small fish and crabs.
Ice Rat
Dongfang Shuo said: Grows under accumulated ice in northern desolate lands. Its fur is very soft and can be made into mats; sleeping on it repels cold. Its meat can be made into jerky and eaten to reduce heat.
Fire Rat
Li Shizhen said: Produced in the Western Regions and the Fire Continent of the South Sea. The mountains there have wild fires; they grow in spring and summer and die in autumn and winter. Rats are produced in the mountains and are very large. Their fur and bark of plants can be woven into cloth; if dirty, burning it cleans it, named Huohuan Bu (Fire-washed Cloth).
Tushu (Sound: tū)
Guo Pu said: Niǎoshútóngxué Mountain is southwest of Shouyang County in Longxi today. The bird there is KT (Sound: tú), resembling a house sparrow but yellow-black. The rat there is , resembling a house rat but yellow-small, with a short tail. Birds live outside the burrow, rats inside.
Juéshu (Sound: jué)
*Erya* says: In the west, there is a shoulder-to-shoulder beast, associating with Qióngqióng Jùxū, gnawing licorice together. When danger arises, Qióngqióng Jùxū carries it and runs. Its name is .
Li Shizhen said: Today, in Khitan and the northern border of Jiaozhou, there are jumping hares. Head, eyes, and fur color resemble rabbits, but claws and feet resemble rats. Front feet are only about an inch long, hind feet nearly a foot. Tail is also long, with hair at the tip. It jumps several feet, and when stopping, it lies prone. This is the 鼠. Locals dig and eat it. Guo Pu considered Qióngqióng Jùxū as a beast name, rabbit front and rat back. Zhang Yi annotated *Han Shu* saying: Qióngqióng is a green beast, horse-shaped. Jùxū resembles a mule but smaller. Materia Medica states Jùxū becomes immortal by eating Anlü seeds, so this creature is extremely swift.
Male Rat
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, slightly warm, non-toxic.
*Ri Hua Bencao* says: Cool. Female rats are not used medicinally.
[Indications] Treats fractures, reconnects bones and tendons, apply raw crushed paste, change every three days (*Shennong Bencao Jing · Bie Lu*). Fry in lard to make ointment, treat bruises, fractures, frostbite, scalds, and burns (Meng Shen said: In the twelfth lunar month, fry in oil until crisp, remove dregs, boil into ointment for storage. Su Song said: Add wax to fried oil, excellent for applying to scalds/burns and eliminating scars). Treats pediatric convulsions and epilepsy (*Ri Hua Bencao*). On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, crush with forged stone and store, apply to metal wounds with divine efficacy (Li Shizhen). Burn in the twelfth lunar month to ward off evil qi.
[Elucidation] Liu Wansu said: Rats are good at burrowing; using them to treat sores utilizes their nature.
[Attached Formulas] Six old formulas, six new formulas.
Rat Sores Ulcerated: One rat, hair the size of a chicken egg, fry in three-year-old December lard until dissolved. Apply half externally, drink half with wine. This is Yao Shengtan's unpassed wonderful method (Ge Hong).
Eliminate all scars: One large rat, fry in four sheng of December lard until dissolved, filter clean, apply three to five times daily. First wipe red area with cloth, avoid wind (*Puji Fang*).
Swollen hot painful sores: Ling Shu Gao (Spirit Rat Ointment): Fry one large male rat in one jin of clear oil until charred, test with water drops not dispersing, filter and re-boil, add five liang of fried purple Huang Dan (Lead Monoxide), stir constantly with willow branch until water drops form beads, add one liang of yellow beeswax, boil until blackish to form ointment, store in porcelain bottle, remove fire toxicity. Spread and apply as needed, relieves pain and cools (*Jingyan Fang*).
Ulcerated carbuncle not healing: Burn one rat to ash, apply powder (*Qianjin Fang*).
Severe pain from snake bone splinter: Burn dead rat, apply ash (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Broken wind disease, opisthotonos, trismus, limb stiffness: Burn one rat including tail to ash, mix with December lard and apply (*Meishi Fang*).
Stiff neck and rigid body: Take live rat, remove viscera, apply hot immediately, cures instantly (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Woman's Fox Mass: Caused by menstruation, grief, fright, or exposure to wind/rain/wetness, leading to Fox Mass, mental confusion, amenorrhea, chest/hypochondriac/lower back pain radiating to genitals, dysuria, craving food with nausea, resembling pregnancy. If mass forms limbs, it kills; if not formed, it is treatable. Use one new rat, wrap in new cotton, seal with yellow mud, bury in pit, burn mulch wood on top for one day and night, take out, remove cotton, add six zhu of cinnamon heart powder. Take two Fangcun Bi with wine. Within two doses, mass should pass (*Waitai Mi Yao · Sunü Jing*).
Facilitate childbirth: Burn rat to powder, take Fangcun Bi with well water, three times daily (*Zimu Milu*).
Scanty clear milk: Burn one dead rat to powder, take Fangcun Bi with wine. Do not let woman know (Same source).
Stick wound swelling/pain: Unfurred rat soaked in sesame oil with mulberry fruits. Apply when needed, very effective (*Xihu Zhi*).
Scald/Burn wounds: Wrap small rat in mud, burn and grind, mix with vegetable oil and apply (Tan Yeweng's formula). Pediatric milk injury, abdominal distension, restlessness, sleepiness: Burn two rats to powder, take two qian daily with decoction (*Baoyou Daquan*).
Rat Meat (All below use male rats)
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, hot, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats pediatric malnutrition with large abdomen, roast and eat (*Shennong Bencao Jing · Bie Lu*).
For pediatric malnutrition with large belly and greediness, wrap in yellow clay, bake until cooked, remove bones, take meat and mix with five-flavor soy sauce soup to make soup. Do not eat bones, beneficial for emaciated people (Meng Shen). Mainly treats bone-steaming consumptive fever, emaciation of limbs, kills parasites, and pediatric malnutrition emaciation. Boil in wine for medicine (Su Song). Roast and eat, treat pediatric cold/heat various malnutrition (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] Three old formulas, one new formula.
Water drum/Stone water, abdominal distension and body swelling: Use one fat rat, take meat and cook porridge. Eat on empty stomach, cure in two or three meals (*Xin Jing*).
Pediatric masses: Cook rat meat juice, make porridge and eat (Yao Hezhong's formula).
Blocked lactation: Eat rat meat soup, do not let patient know (*Chan Shu*).
Arrowhead stuck in flesh: Take meat from one large male rat, slice thin, dry and grind. Take two qian each time, wash down with hot wine. If sore itches, arrowhead comes out (*Jiyao*).
Liver
[Indications] Arrowhead stuck, crush and apply. Ear discharging fluid, use date-pit size, insert hot to draw out worms (Li Shizhen).
Gallbladder
[Indications] Dim vision (Tao Hongjing). Drop in eyes, treat blindness and night blindness. Drop in ears, treat deafness (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: The position of Gui Water is Zi, Qi connects to Kidney, opens to ears, pours essence into pupils, marker is teeth. Rat also belongs to Zi-Gui Water, eyes bright at night, trigram Gen, essence in gallbladder. Thus gallbladder treats deafness/blindness, eyes brighten vision, bones generate teeth, all are kidney diseases. Other materia medica do not mention rat gallbladder treating deafness, but Ge Hong's *Zhouhou Fang* praises it greatly, saying it treats thirty-year chronic deafness, sudden deafness cured in three times. Someone lay sideways, dripped gallbladder into ear, finished one gallbladder, juice flowed out lower ear shortly after. Initially worsened deafness, healed after half a day. Later generations adopted this, mostly using it.
[Attached Formulas] Four new formulas.
Sudden ear deafness/blockage: Drip rat gallbladder juice (two pieces), passes when thunder-like sound occurs (*Benshi Fang*).
Chronic old deafness: *Weisheng Jiabao* formula: Shengjin Touguan San: Tie alive rat, scald to death in hot water, cut throat take gallbladder, true red color is correct; use one prepared peeled Chuan Wutou, two qian Huayin Xixin, half qian Danfan, grind to powder, mix evenly with gallbladder, dry and grind fine, add half zi of musk. Blow into ear with goose feather tube, hold tea water in mouth, twice daily. Effective in ten days, permanent cure. *Shenghui*:
Treat long-term deafness. Take two rat gallbladders in December, one fen bear gallbladder, mix with water, take mung bean size, drip in ear twice daily.
Blindness not seeing: Mix two male rat gallbladders and two carp gallbladders evenly, drip, immediate effect (*Shenghui Fang*).
Rat Seal (i.e., external kidneys)
[Indications] Makes people charming/attractive (Li Shizhen said: According to Nangong Cong's annotation of *Gulou Shenshu* Rat Seal Hehuan note: Above male rat external kidney, there is pattern like seal, two kidneys opposite, nine repetitions of talisman red text especially good. In Nov/Dec, or May 5th, Jul 7th, Jan 1st Zi hour, face North towards Zi position, scrape and dry in shade, like seal carving, wear in green bag, left for men right for women, tie on arm. People see it, all happy, wishes fulfilled).
Fat
[Indications] Fry, also treats various sores (Tao Hongjing). Scalds/burns (Su Song). Deafness (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] One new formula.
Long-term deafness: Half he of rat fat, one qian green salt, one earthworm, mix and melt, dip cotton swab, drip into ear, plug (*Shenghui Fang*).
Brain
[Indications] Thorns/spikes/bamboo/wood splinters stuck in flesh, not coming out, crush thick and apply, they come out. Arrowheads/needles/blades in throat/chest/diaphragm hidden places, mix with liver, crush and apply. Also apply to pediatric fontanelle bulging. Wrap in cotton, plug ear, treat deafness (Li Shizhen). From *Zhouhou*, *Zonglu*.
Head
[Indications] Nasal sores/runny nose, scald/burn wounds (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] One old formula, two new formulas.
Nasal runny pus/blood: Take rat head in first lunar month, burn to ash, mix with December lard and apply (*Waitai*).
Scald/burn灼: Dead rat head, fry in December lard until dissolved, apply, no scar remains, divine efficacy (*Qianjin Fang*).
Stop drinking alcohol: Burn腊月 rat head to ash, equal parts willow flower powder, take one cup with wine before sleep (*Qianjin*).
Eyes
[Indications] Brighten eyes, read at night, used by sorcerers (Tao Hongjing).
[Elucidation] See Gallbladder below.
[Attached Formulas] One old formula.
Dry eyes, sleepy: Take one eye, burn and grind, mix with fish grease, drop into eyes. Also carry two in crimson bag (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Saliva
[Flavor and Toxicity] Toxic. If falls into food, eating causes rat fistula or yellow skin like gold.
Spine Bone
[Indications] Teeth broken for many years not growing, grind to powder, rub daily, very effective (Chen Cangqi).
[Elucidation] See Gallbladder below. *Leigong Paozhi Lun* preface says: Growing teeth relies on male rat bone powder.
[Attached Formulas] One new formula.
Toothache: Skin one rat, rub with Nao Sha, after three days flesh rots away, take bone, bake on tile to powder, add two fen Chan Su, one qian Bingpian. Use little, dot on gum, stops pain immediately (Sun Shi *Jixiao Fang*).
Four Feet and Tail
[Indications] Facilitates abortion in women (*Shennong Bencao Jing · Bie Lu*. Feet: Burn and take,
Skin
[Indications] Burn to ash, seal cold open carbuncle ulcers. Raw peel, apply to osteomyelitis sores, draws out pus.
Feces
Tao Hongjing said: Two-pointed ends are male rat feces.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen said: Slightly toxic. Accidental ingestion causes jaundice/yellow eyes.
[Indications] Pediatric malnutrition with large abdomen. Decoct with scallion and fermented soybeans, treat epidemic fatigue recurrence (*Shennong Bencao Jing · Bie Lu*).
Su Song said: Zhang Zhongjing and famous ancient/modern formulas use it much). Treat epilepsy, brighten eyes (*Ri Hua Bencao*). Decoct, treat typhoid fatigue recurrence fever, male Yin Yi abdominal pain, regulate female menstruation, expel dead fetus. Grind and take powder, treat mastitis, resolve horse liver poison, apply to rat fistula sores. Burn to retain property, apply to fractures, carbuncles/swellings, cat/dog bites (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Rat feces enters Foot Jueyin Meridian, thus treating all Jueyin blood aspect diseases, above symptoms are examples.
[Attached Formulas] Eight old formulas, fifteen new formulas.
Typhoid fatigue recurrence: *Waitai* uses twenty male rat feces, five he fermented beans, two sheng water, boil to one sheng, take in one dose. *Huren Shu*: Shushi Chi Tang: Treat fatigue recurrence fever. Use fourteen male rat feces, fourteen Gardenia, three Zhiqiao. Coarse powder. One and a half sheng water, two cun scallion white, thirty fermented beans, boil to one sheng, divide into three doses.
Male Yin Yi and fatigue recurrence: Shushi Tang: Use fourteen rat feces (two-pointed ends), one big bunch leek root, two zhan water, boil to one zhan, take warm, sticky sweat indicates effect. If no sweat, take again (*Nanyang Huren Fang*).
Constipation: Male rat feces powder, apply to navel, immediate effect (*Puji*).
Virgin amenorrhea: Roast and grind one liang female rat feces, take half qian with warm wine on empty stomach (*Qianjin Fang*).
Dead fetus in womb: Fourteen male rat feces, three sheng water, boil to one sheng, take juice to make porridge eat. Fetus passes (*Zimu Milu*).
Postpartum vaginal prolapse: Wash soft with warm water, smoke with burning male rat feces, returns inside (Xiong Shi).
Women's mastitis: Seven rat feces, seven dates pitted wrap feces, burn to retain property, add little musk, mix with warm wine and take (*Jiyao* formula).
Early mastitis: Grind seven male rat feces to powder, take with warm wine, sweating disperses it (*Shouyu Fang*).
Established mastitis: Equal parts new wet rat feces, Coptis, Rhubarb, grind to powder. Mix with millet porridge clear liquid, apply around edges, disperses (Yao Shengt'an formula).
Rat Fistula Ulcerated: Hundred new rat feces, store in sealed vessel 50-60 days, pound碎, apply, effective (*Qianjin Fang*).
Carbuncle malignant swelling: Equal parts rat feces, tangled hair, burn to ash, needle into sore head, very good (*Puji Fang*).
Ghost strike vomiting blood, chest/abdominal stabbing pain: Burn rat feces to powder, take Fangcun Bi with water. If unconscious, force feed (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Fracture bruised blood/tendon/bone injury pain: Burn rat feces to powder, mix with lard, apply, bind tightly, pain stops in half day (*Meishi Fang*).
Horse liver poison: Twenty-one male rat feces, mix with water, grind, drink (*Meishi*).
Horse bite/trample sore, swelling/pain/heat: Fourteen rat feces, five cun old horse sheath, mix, burn, grind to powder, mix with lard and apply (*Meishi*).
Rabies bite: Two sheng rat feces, burn to powder, apply (*Meishi Fang*).
Cat bite sore: Burn male rat feces to ash, mix with oil and apply. Proven effective (*Shouyu*).
Infant teeth not growing: Twenty-one female rat feces (two-round ends), one per day rub teeth. Avoid salty/sour. Adding little musk is better (*Duanju Fang*).
Pediatric white alopecia: Rat feces baked tile retain property, mix with calomel, sesame oil, apply (*Baiyi Xuanfang*).
Pediatric salt sore: Burn rat feces, grind, take with water/wine on empty stomach. One qian per year of age.
Pediatric swallow nest sore: Grind rat feces to powder, mix with sesame oil, rub.
Venomous snake bite: Wild rat feces, mix with water, apply (Shao Zhenren *Jingyan Fang*).
Soil Earth See Earth Section.