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(Fee [pronunciation]. From *Bencao Shiyi* (Supplement to the Materia Medica).)

**[Names]** (Same as "Fei" [baboon]. Also written as "KT".)
Li Shizhen says: *Erya* writes it as "Fei". *Shuowen Jiezi* writes it as " ", composed of components " ", "Xin" (top of head), and "KT", forming a pictograph. Xu Shen says: Northerners call it "Tu Lou" (earth mole). People today call it "Ren Xiong" (human bear). Examining Guo Pu's statement, he considers "Shan Du" (mountain dweller) to be identical to "Fei Fei", but this differs slightly; could it be that the names are the same while the entities differ?

**[Collected Explanations]** Zang Qi says: Fei Fei originates from the Southwestern Yi regions. *Erya* states: Fei Fei resembles a human, has long hair, runs swiftly, and eats humans. *Shan Hai Jing* (Classic of Mountains and Seas) states: Xiaoyang (owl sheep) has a human face, long lips, a black body with hair, and reversed heels (walking on the back of the feet). It laughs when seeing people, covering its eyes with its upper lip when laughing. Guo Pu says: In Jiaozhou, Guangzhou, and the mountains of Nankang Commandery, there is also this creature. The large ones are over one zhang in length, commonly called "Shan Du". During the Xiaojian era of Emperor Xiaowu of Song, Liao people presented a male and a female. The emperor asked the local inhabitant Ding Luan. Luan said: Its face resembles a human, reddish in color, fur like a macaque, with a tail. It can speak human language, sounding like birds. It is good at foreseeing life and death, and its strength can carry a thousand jun. It has no knees and walks with heels forward; when sleeping, it leans against objects. Upon capturing a person, it laughs first and then eats them. Hunters therefore use bamboo tubes inserted into their arms to lure it; waiting for it to laugh, they withdraw their hand and nail its lips to its forehead with an awl, letting it run until it dies, then taking it. Its hair is extremely long and can be made into head ornaments. Its blood can be used to dye boots and crimson garments; drinking it causes hallucinations of ghosts. The emperor ordered artisans to draw its image. Li Shizhen says: According to *Fangyu Zhi*, Fei Fei is also found in the mountains of Xishu and Chuzhou, called "Ren Xiong". People eat its palms and peel its skin. In Youshan, Shaxian, Fujian, there is this animal, over one zhang long, laughing upon meeting people, called "Shan Daren" (Mountain Great Person), or referred to as "Yeren" (wild man) and "Shanxiao" (mountain demon). Additionally, Deng Deming's *Nankang Ji* states: Shan Du resembles a Kunlun person, covered in hair all over. It closes its eyes and opens its mouth as if smiling when seeing people. It likes to turn over stones in deep ravines to find crabs to eat. I examine: What Deng described is very similar to "Shan " in *Beishan Jing*, "Shan Du" in *Shuyou Ji*, "Shan Gui" (Mountain Ghost) in *Yongjia Ji*, "Shan " in *Shenyi Jing*, "Shan Jing" (Mountain Spirit) in *Xuanzhong Ji*, "Shan Zhang" in *Hailui Suishi*, "Hanba" (Drought Demon) in *Wenben Zhigui*, and "Zhiniao" in *Soushen Ji*. They are all similar, being mountain...

**[Appendix] Shan Du** Li Shizhen says: Ren Fang's *Shuyou Ji* states: There is a spirit in Nankang called Shan Du. It resembles a human, over two chi long, black in color, with red eyes and yellow hair. It builds nests in trees deep in the mountains, shaped like bird eggs, over three chi high, with a lustrous interior, light and hollow texture, using bird feathers as bedding. Two are connected, male on top, female below. It can change form and become invisible, rarely seen in its true state, similar to Muke and Shan . **Shan** Li Shizhen says: *Beishan Jing* states: Shan resembles a dog but has a human face, is good at throwing things, and laughs when seeing people. It moves like the wind; its appearance brings great winds across the world. **Muke** It is also said: *Nankang Ji* states: Grows in the southern mountains. Its head, face, and speech are not entirely different from humans, but its hands and feet have sharp, hook-like claws. It lives in sheer cliffs and is buried when it dies. It can trade with humans without showing its form. Currently, there are ghost markets in the south, which are similar. There is also a Muke bird, see the Avian Section. **Shan** It is also said: Dongfang Shuo's *Shenyi Jing* states: In the deep western mountains, there are beings over one chi tall, naked, catching shrimp and crabs, roasting them near human fires to eat. They call themselves Shan . If offended by humans, they cause chills and fever. They are likely demons/spirits, existing everywhere, but fear the sound of firecrackers. Liu Yiqing's *Youming Lu* states: In Dongchang County, between mountain rocks, there is a thing like a human, four or five chi tall, naked with long hair (five or six cun long), able to make whistling sounds, unseen in form. It often takes stones from streams to get shrimp and crabs, roasting them near fire. *Yongjia Ji* states: Anguo County has Shan Gui, resembling a human but with only one foot, about one chi long. It likes to steal salt from woodcutters and roast stone crabs. Humans dare not offend it; it can cause illness and burn houses. *Xuanzhong Ji* states: Shan Jing resembles a human, one-footed, three or four chi long. Eats mountain crabs, active at night and hidden during the day. Thousand-year-old toads can eat it. *Baopuzi* states: Shan Jing resembles a child, one-footed with the heel backward. Likes to attack people at night; its name is , calling its name prevents it from attacking. *Baize Tu* states: Mountain spirits resemble drums, red in color, walking on one foot, named Kui; calling it allows one to command it to catch tigers and leopards. *Hailua Zas* states: In Lingnan, there is a creature, one-footed with reversed heels, hands and feet having three fingers each. Male is Shan Zhang, female is Shan Gu; they knock on doors at night seeking items. *Shenyi Jing* states: In the south, there is Ba, also called Hanmu. Two or three chi tall, naked, eyes on top of the head, moving like wind. Its appearance causes severe drought. Those who capture it and throw it into a latrine eliminate the drought. *Wenben Zhigui* states: Hanba is a Shan Gui. Where it resides, it does not rain. Female Hanba entering homes steals items out; male Hanba entering homes steals items in. Li Shizhen carefully examines: Although these accounts vary slightly, they are generally strange creatures, what common people now call the one-legged ghost. Recently, they appear everywhere, capable of invisibility, entering homes to commit sexual misconduct causing illness; setting fires and stealing property, becoming a major household disaster. Spells cannot drive them away, medicine cannot cure them; they are worshipped as gods like Wutong and Qilang, largely due to ignorance of their origins. Thus, I record them in detail, not merely for erudition. If calling their name causes no harm, and thousand-year toads can eat them, is this not a treatment method? By extending this logic, there must be a way to subdue them. There is also Zhiniao, of the same category, see Avian Section. Spirits and monsters are numerous and harmful to humans. Only books like *Baize Tu*, *Xuanzhong Ji*, *Baopuzi*, and *Youyang Zazu* record them thoroughly; those living in such areas should know this. However, upright gentlemen, whose virtue can overcome demons, naturally do not approach them.

**Meat**
**[Nature and Flavor]** Non-toxic.
**[Indications]** Made into jerky, sliced thinly with fat and roasted hot, applied to human tinea and scabies, it can draw out parasites. Frequent changes lead to recovery (Zang Qi).